6-9. Придаточные клозы образа действия (Manner clauses)

 
Чаще всего в таких предложениях употребляются союзы as и as if (союз as употребляется также в придаточных предложениях времени и причины):

He came in the back door [as I had asked him to].
He’s talking about the party [as if the whole thing were his idea] (в предложениях с as if может употребляться Subjunctive).

George writes [as his father did].
George writes [the way his father did].

George writes [as if he is left-handed].
George writes [as if he was left-handed].
George writes [as if he were left-handed].

В разговорной речи употребляется также союз like:

He came in the back door [like I had asked him to].

(но в формальном стиле like можно употреблять только как предлог: Like a fool, he came in the back door.)

□ При желании можно выделить придаточные клозы пропорции (Proportion clauses)

Чаще всего в таких предложениях употебляются союзы as и the . . the:

[As I listened to him speak], I slowly came to like him (что означает ‘At first I didn’t like him, but my opinion of him improved in proportion to the time I spent listening to him speak’).
The more I listened to him, the more I liked him
The fatter I get, the more I want to eat.

Еще примеры:

[As he reduced his intake], (so) his health deteriorated.
As the speaker increased degree of difficulty of the words he used, (so) the audience found it much harder to understand the message.
The harder he worked, the more tired he got.
The more autographs he signed, the prouder he felt.

The можно использовать схожим образом в таких предложениях:

He enjoyed it more, the further he read.
He earned less, the more time he devoted to his job.

■ Сюда же можно отнести и формальные союзы inasmuch as, insofar as, и to the extent that:

[Insofar as any human being is a monster], Stalin was one.

(что можно перефразировать как 'No human being can be said to be completely monstrous, but Stalin came as close as anyone could'/'The proportion of monstrousness to other qualities in Stalin’s personality was as high as it could possibly be'.