7-15. Подлежащее причастного оборота

 
Подлежащее, которое подразумевается в причастном обороте, обычно то же, что и в главном предложении:

Arriving at the party, we saw Ruth standing alone. (= When we arrived...we saw...)
My wife had a talk with Sally, explaining the problem.

Но в разговорной речи достаточно часто употребляются причастные обороты, в которых подразумеваемое подлежащее не совпадает с подлежащим главного предложения:

Turning round quickly, the door hit me in the face. (первое подразумеваемое подлежащее 'I', второе подлежащее - 'the door')
Having wanted to drive a train all his life, this was an opportunity not to be missed.
Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there was a wonderful range of mountains.

В аккуратной речи и письме рекомендуется этого избегать из-за возможных двусмысленностей:

Drinking at the spring, the hunter saw a huge lion.

Такой двусмысленности нет в

The hunter saw a huge lion drinking at the spring.
While (he was) /= as he was drinking at the spring, the hunter saw a huge lion.

Кроме того, можно использовать предварительное it / there:

Being French, it's surprising that she's such a terrible cook.
Having so little time, there was not much that I could do.

Но ряд таких фиксированных причастных оборотов широко используется как вводные выражения:

Generally speaking, men can run faster than women.
Broadly speaking, dogs are more faithful than cats.
Judging from his expression, he's in a bad mood.
Considering everything, it wasn't a bad holiday.
Supposing there was a war, what would you do?
Taking everything into consideration, they ought to get another chance. ~

■ В формальном стиле подлежащее причастного оборота может добавляться в явном виде:

The collection of vases is priceless, some being over two thousand years old.
Her voice breaking with emotion, Jean spoke about her father's illness.
Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
All the money having been spent, we started looking for work.
A little girl walked past, her doll dragging behind her on the pavement.
Hands held high, the dancers circle to the right.