9-2. Непереходные глаголы

 
1. Непереходные глаголы иногда употребляются без всякого обстоятельства.

The sun disappeared.
We all breathe, eat, and drink.
The sun was shining.
The moon rose.
Fishes swim.
It was raining.
What I said does not matter.

2. Гораздо чаще встречается конструкция vi + обстоятельство

В качестве обстоятельства могут употребляться

(1) наречия и группы наречия:

Mary photographs well.
The book sold rapidly.
These shirts wash very easily.
This pen writes smoothly.

(2) группы существительного, обозначающие вес, расстояние, цену и т.п. Как правило, их можно употреблять с предлогом for:

We walked (for) five miles.
He has traveled thousands of miles.
They had come a long way.
The soldiers marched a long way.
The forests stretch (for) hundreds of miles.
He fell fifty feet.
The rain lasted all day.
We waited (for) two hours.
Won't you stay (for) the night?
The baby weighs nine pounds.
The temperature fell several degrees.
The work took (them) three hours.

(3) Предложные обороты:

You can rely upon that man!
You can rely upon his discretion.
You can rely upon his being discreet.
Can I count on your help?
He succeeded in solving the problem.
Do you believe in getting up early?
He failed in his examinations.
They all longed for the holidays.
You needn't wait for me.
This belongs to me.
Have you decided upon a career yet?
Listen to what I have to say.
He aimed at the tiger.
She complained of the heat.

Многие непереходные глаголы образуют с предлогами тесные сочетания (например, listen to слушать, look for искать и т.п.) и по смыслу близки к переходным глаголам.

■ Может употребляться дополнительно инфинитивный оборот:

I rely [upon you to be discreet].
Can I count [on all of you to help]?
Everyone was longing [for the term to end and the holidays to begin].
I will arrange [for a taxi to meet you at the station].
We're waiting [for John to arrive].
She always so much wished [for everyone to be happy].
He pushed the glasses along the counter and nodded [for them to be refilled].
We have fixed [for the meeting to be held on Friday].

■ Наречия (особенно here и there) могут переносится в начало предложения, чтобы сделать на них акцент:

There she goes!
There they come!
Here comes the bus!
Up go the prices.

3. Часто употребляется сочетание vi + инфинитив

Инфинитив может выражать:

(1) цель:

We stopped to have a rest.
I am waiting to hear your explanation.
He got up to answer the bell.
I stood up to see better.
They ran to help her.

(2) результат:

He came to see that he was mistaken.
He lived to be ninety.
You will live to regret it.
He is growing to be more obedient.

(3) Инфинитив может соответствовать второй части сложносочиненного предложения:

Не awoke to find the house on fire.
The drunken man awoke to find himself in prison.
The good old days have gone never to return…

(4) В некоторых случаях на инфинитив падает большая смысловая нагрузка, чем на смысловой глагол.

We happened to be there.
I chanced to meet him in the park.
They seemed not to notice it.

4. Возможен вариант vi + that-предложение

I agree that it was a mistake.
He complained that he had been underpaid.
He insists that he was nowhere near the scene of the crime.
He rejoiced that he had won the first prize.
I will see (to it) that everything is ready in time.
He boasted that no one had ever beaten him at chess.

5. И употребляется конструкция vi + (предлог) + wh-клоз:

Everything depends on whether you pass the examination.
I don't care about where you go.