2-12. Substitute pronoun one/ones

 
Лицо или предмет, который уже был назван, может потом обозначаться с помощью слов one/ ones. При этом one/ones можно заменять как всю группу существительного (как это обычно бывает с местоимениями), так и ее часть:

I knew Mavis wanted a blue scarf, so I bought her one (one = a blue scarf).
I knew Mavis wanted a blue scarf, so I bought her a lovely one (= blue scarf ).
I couldn’t find a blue scarf for Mavis, so I bought her a green one (= scarf).
I know Mavis likes scarves, so I bought her some lovely ones (= scarves).

One/ones может употребляться с определителями, pre-modifiers и post-modifers, в таких конструкциях:

determiner + one: this one, each one, either one, which ones, any ones.
determiner + modifier + one: that big one, a small red one, a few ripe ones.
determiner + one + modifier: that one over there, any one you like.
determiner + modifier + one + modifier: some fresh ones from the country.

1. One/ones употребляется как замена существительного:

I felt I could afford [a bigger car], and [the one I'd got] was on its last legs, really. (the one = the car)
Now I will think everywhere I go on [an aeroplane] 'Is [this one] going to come down?' (this one = this aeroplane)
And [what other stamps] do you like besides [Polish ones]? – [English ones]. We've got a lot of those. (English ones = English stamps)
Which is [your boy]? – [The one in the blue coat].
I'd like [a cake]. [A big one with lots of cream].
Can you lend me [a pen]? - Sorry, I haven't got [one].

Если существительное неисчисляемое, то one/ones употреблять нельзя, но можно просто опустить существительное:

This is [plain paper]. I wanted lined.

2. В некоторых случаях можно либо использовать one/ones либо опускать.

a) После указательных уточнителей (при пропусе one они превращаются в местоимения):

[These pictures] are nice. I like this (one).

b) После each, any, another, either и neither:

The building had [six windows]. [Each (one)] had been broken.

c) После which:

There are [lots of seats] still available. [Which (ones)] would you like?

d) После превосходной степени:

These stamps are [the nicest (ones)].

Но в ряде случаев, если мы опускаем существительное, употребление one обязательно.

a) после прилагательного:

An orange juice. [A large one], please.
I didn't buy a calculator. They only had [expensive ones].

b) после the:

This television is better than [the one we had before].

c) после every:

The building had lots of windows. [Every one] had been broken.

■ Иногда можно опускать one/ones когда употребляются два прилагательных:

We've got [French books] and German (ones)].
Are these [the old prices] or [the new (ones)]?

Также можно опускать one/ones после прилагательного, выражающего цвет:

My toothbrush is [the blue (one)].

3. Нельзя употреблять one просто с артиклем a:

Whenever you need [a phone box], you can never find one. (= a phone box)
I don't know anything about [weddings]. I haven't been to one lately. (= a wedding)

4. Можно сравнить one/some и it/they.

I haven't got [a rucksack]. I'll have to buy one. (= a rucksack)
I've got [a rucksack]. You can borrow it. (= the rucksack)

I haven't got [any boots]. I'll have to buy some. (= some boots)
I've got [some boots], but they might not fit you. (= the boots)

One и some выражают неопределеность (как a). It и they выражают определенность (как the).