2-14. Demonstrative pronouns

 
This относится к чему-то достаточно близкому в пространстве и времени, а that – к тому, что более удалено:

This is a list of the rules.
This is the most important part of the job.
The biggest problem was the accent. That was difficult for me.
That looks interesting.

Местоимение that употребляется в английском языке несравненно чаще, чем местоимения тот/та – в руссом.

These и those употребляется также как местоимение, используемое вместо исчисляемых существительных (чаще о предметах, но иногда и о людях):

‘I brought you these.’ Adam held out a bag of grapes.
Vitamin tablets usually contain vitamins A, C, and D. These are available from any child health clinic.
These are no ordinary students.
It may be impossible for them to pay essential bills, such as those for heating.
Those are easy questions to answer.
There are a lot of people who are seeking employment, and a great number of those are married women.