2-20. Местоимения и уточнители (продолжение)

 
C помощью some, no, any (а также every) образуются составные местоимения:

somebody/someone, something, somewhere.
nobody / no one, nothing, nowhere.
anybody/ anyone, anything, anywhere.
everybody/ everyone, everything, everywhere.

(Местоимения с -one несколько более часто встречаются в письменном английском, а местоимения с -body – в устной речи.)

Разница в употреблении между somebody и anybody, something и anything, somewhere и anywhere и т.п. такая же, как разница в употреблении между some и any:

There's somebody at the door. Can I get you something to drink?
Did anybody telephone? If you need something/anything, just shout.
Let's go somewhere nice for dinner. I don't want to go anywhere too expensive.

There isn't anyone/anybody here.
There's no-one/nobody here. (выразительнее)

I haven't got [anything to wear for the party].
I've got [nothing to wear for the party].

She wasn't [anywhere to be seen].
She was [nowhere to be seen].

We arranged the meeting, but no-one came, (не ‘ ...but not anyone... ’)

Nobody/ no one, nothing, и nowhere употребляются похожим на употребление no образом:

I saw nobody (более выразительно, чем ‘I didn't see anybody’).
Nobody spoke.

■ После no one/no-one (=nobody) нельзя употреблять of:

No one wished me a happy birthday (не ‘No one of my friends...’)
I stayed in all evening waiting, but no one came.

■ They, them и their могут употребляться в отношении предшествующих somebody и т.п.:

If anybody wants a ticket for the concert, they can get it from my office.
There's somebody at the door. - Tell them I'm busy.
Someone left their umbrella on the bus.
Nobody phoned, did they?

После somebody и т.п. может употребляться определяющее его прилагательное или обстоятельство:

I hope he marries [somebody nice].
She's going to meet [someone in the Ministry].
I feel like eating [something hot].
Let's go s[omewhere quiet] this weekend.

Возможно такое употребление else:

Mary - are you in love with [somebody else]?
I don't like this place - let's go [somewhere else].

В разговорной речи после any- и no- можно употреблять much:

We didn't do [anything much] yesterday.
There's [nothing much] on TV tonight.