3-16. Present Perfect и обстоятельства

 
Present Perfect нельзя употреблять c обстоятельственными выражениями, выражающими явно отделенное от настоящего прошлое (an hour ago, yesterday и т.п.), так как это бы нарушило эту связь между прошлым и настоящим.

Выбор обстоятельства может несколько менять смысл:

Have you been to the bank already? (предполагается подтверждение, что уже был)
Have you been to the bank yet? (просто вопрос)

К словам и выражениям, которые часто употреблятся с Present Perfect относятся:

since

I [have been] here since two o'clock (нельзя: ‘I am here since two o'clock ’)
We [haven't seen] George since 1980.
I've had no news of him since he sailed for Singapore.
I [have lived] in London since 1970.

for

I [have lived] in London for the last six years.
We [haven't seen] Helen for several months.
There [has been] no rain here for over three weeks.

so far

We have taken our holidays in August so far (эта традиция продолжается).
So far we have had no trouble.

already/ yet

Have the children gone to school yet?
Could you clean the car? – I've already done it.
I've seen that film already.
Has the postman come yet?
Has Jack left yet?

ever/always/never/ often/several times и т.п.

Have you ever been to Iceland?
Man has always been a fighter (всегда был и есть)
I have never been down a coal-mine.
She's never said 'sorry' in her life.
Have you ever seen a ghost?
I've often been there.
I've read this book several times.
How often have you been in love in your life?
I've sometimes thought of moving to Australia.

just/lately/recently

The cat has just had kittens.
She hasn't been well lately.

(Возможно, особенно в американском английском, и употребление past simple: ‘Не was here quite recently’.)

until now/till now/up to now/ up to the present (time)

Up to the present, everything [has been] straightforward.

(Возможно, особенно в американском английском, и употребление Past Simple: Until now this mountaintop was considered inaccessible. We didn't know anything about the Russian style of architecture until now).

before

I've seen this film before.
I'm sure we've met before.

today/ this week (month, year и т. п.)

Have you done much work today ?
I haven't seen Harry this week.
It [has been raining] all day.
Jack [hasn't come] to school this morning.

(Если указываемый период времени уже закончился, то употребляется Past Simple: ‘Did you get to school in time this morning?’)

■ Present perfect употребляется в придаточных клозах (времени и условия):

She won’t be satisfied until she [has finished] another chapter.
I will return your book on Monday when/if I've read it.
If you [have done] your homework, you can watch TV.