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9-6. Переходный глагол и два дополнения
vt + iO + dO
1. Subject + vt + noun phrases (iO) + noun phrase (dO)
2. Subject + vt + noun phrase (dO) + prepositional phrase (as oblique complement)
3. Subject + vt + noun phrase (iO) + that-clause (dO)
4. Subject + vt + noun phrase (iO) + wh-clause (dO)
5. Subject + vt + noun phrase (iO) + wh-infinitive (dO)
6. Subject + vt + noun phrase (iO) + to-infinitive clause (dO)
1. Subject + vt + noun phrases (iO) + noun phrase (dO)
They offered [her] [some food].
Глаголы, которые употребляются в этой конструкции, можно разбить на три группы:
a) употребляются также в конструкции с to + VP – помечены (to)
b) употребляются также в констуркции с for + VP – помечены (for)
c) обычно не употребляются в конструкциях c to/for + VP – помечены (-).
accord (to), advance (to), afford (-), allow (to), ask (for), assign (to), bet (-), bid (to), book (for), bring (to, for), build (for), buy (for), cable (to), call (for), cash (for), catch (for), cause (to), change (for), charge (-), choose (for), cook (for), cost (-), cut (for), deal (to), deny (to), do (to, for), fetch (to, for), find (for), fix (for), forgive (-), get (to, for), give (to), grant (to), guarantee (-), hand (to), keep (for), leave (to, for), lend (to), mean (to), offer (to), order (for), owe (to), pass (to), pay (to), play (to), post (to), prepare (for), promise (to), quote (to), reach (for), read (to), recommend (to), refuse (to), reserve (for), save (for), sell (to), send (to), serve (to), show (to), sing (to, for), spare (for), take (to), teach (to), telephone (to), tell (to), throw (to), wish (to), write (to).
She gave [me] [her email address].
I showed [you] [the way].
He brought [them] [some cakes].
I lent [my niece] [£500].
I offered [him] [a drink].
I showed [you] [his photo], remember?
■ Непрямое дополнение чаще всего личное:
accord me an interview
advance me some money
allow me a discount
ask me a question
book me a room
cash me a cheque
cause me a lot of trouble
charge me two pounds
cost me a pound
deal me a blow
do somebody harm
do me a favour
forgive me (for) my sins
guarantee me satisfaction
play me a tune
sing me a song
throw me the ball
wish me good luck
■ Примечания:
a) throw me the ball = throw it to me.
b) глагол mean в этой конструкции употребляется только в такого рода предложениях: He meant me no harm.
c) глагол ask может употребляться с предлогом of: May I ask a favour of you.
d) глагол play может употребляться с предлогом with: I'll play a game of chess with you.
He was shown the way.
Прямое дополнение может быть опущено в тех случаях, когда оно ясно из контекста, с глаголами allow, ask, bet, cable, forgive, grant, owe, pay, promise, send, show, teach, telephone, tell, write:
- When can I know the answer?
- I'll tell/write you tomorrow.
■ Глагол grant может употребляться так: This is rather difficult, I grant you.
■ Непрямое дополнение может выражать и неодушевленный предмет с push, pull, wash, rub, polish, употребляемых и как существительное и как глагол.
He gave [George /the door] [a push] = He pushed George /the door.
2. Subject + vt + noun phrase (directO) + prepositional phrase
(1) to
Please say [something] [to us].
I offered [my condolences] [to the family].
В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы bring, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pay, promise, read, send, serve, show, teach, tell, throw:
George handed [the bottle] to William.
She sent [an email] to him.
I taught [English] to adults.
He read the letter to all his friends.
He offered [some] to everyone in the room.
He sold [his car] to a man from Leeds.
He gave [a book] to George.
■ Ряд глаголов не может так употребляться:
I envied [him] [his success].
Неверно: I envied his success to him.
■ Эта конструкция предпочтительнее, если непрямое дополнение длиннее: Give those papers to the girl at the door.
■ Все глаголы, помеченные (to) в списке, могут употребляться и в конструкции vt + iO = dO, которая предпочтительнее, если непрямое дополнение короче, чем прямое: Give me that bundle of papers.
■ В случае, если нужно сделать смысловое ударение, более короткое дополнение может идти в конце предложения: Give that bundle of papers to ME, not to HIM.
■ Ряд глаголов употребляется в этой конструкции, но не в конструкции vt + iO + dO: announce, confess, demonstrate, describe, entrust, explain, mention, point out, propose, report, say, state и suggest.
■ Эта конструкция предпочтительнее, если в качестве дополнений выступают два местоимения:
She wrote her name and address on the card and gave [it] to me. (или: … ‘and gave me it’; или более формально: ‘… and gave it me’)
I think my mother gave [them ]to them. (лучше, чем: … gave them them).
(2) for
He provided [books] for George (vt + direct object + for)
She bought [a dictionary] for her brother.
Have you left [any food] for the other members of the party?
She has made [coffee] for all of us.
Некоторые глаголы (например, find, order, save, make, reserve, spare) употребляется с косвенным дополнением с предлогом for:
Her mother made [me] a lovely sweater.
Her mother made [a lovely sweater] for me. (неверно: Her mother made a lovely sweater to me.)
I’m going to be late. Can you save [me] [a seat]? Can you save [a seat] for me? (неверно: Can you save a seat to me?)
(3) Ряд глаголов употребляется с косвенным дополнением (предложным оборотом) c другими предлогами.
He told [us] about the fire.
К таким глаголам относятся:
accuse … of
charge … with
compare … with
congratulate … on
convince … of
deprive … of
inform … of
interest … in
introduce … to
persuade … of
prevent … from
protect … from
provide … with
refer … to
relieve … of
remind … of
rob … of
sentence … to
serve … with
subject … to
suspect … of
tell … about
thank … for
treat … to
warn … of
The police charged [him] with dangerous driving.
Steven introduced [him] to me. (Неверно: Steven introduced me him.)
She said she’d provide [me] with a list of all managers. (Сравните: She said she’d give me a list of all managers.)
The steward tried to relieve [me] of my overcoat.
She thanked [her colleagues] for all the cards and presents.
I want to treat [you] to a drink.
■ Следует запомнить: congratulate someone (on something); thank someone (for something),
В некоторых случаях глаголы употребляются с типовым дополнением:
take advantage of/note of
make fun of/a fuss about/use of
lose sight of/touch with
catch sight of
give way to
keep pace with
pay attention to
put a stop to
set fire to
get rid of
■ Возможна такая конструкция:
We leave it to you/ your discretion to decide.
I must leave it to your own judgement to decide whether you should come or not.
We owe it to society to help in the apprehension of criminals.
He owes it to his father’s influence that the Committee appointed him to the position.
3. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as iO) + that-clause (as dO)
(1)
They told [me] [that I was too early].
We told [her] [(that) she couldn't have them].
He convinced [us] [(that) he could do it].
Did he warn [you] ][that he might be late]?
Remind [him] [that the meeting is on Friday].
C глаголами assure, convince, inform, notify, persuade, remind, tell непрямое дополнение обязательно:
The bank manager convinced them that it was not a good time to start a business. (Нельзя: The bank manager convinced that it was not a good time to start a business.)
Remind her that the committee meeting is on Monday.
■ С глаголами show, bet, promise, report и warn непрямое дополнение можно опускать:
He showed (us) [(that) he could do it].
■ Возможна такая конструкция с косвенным дополнением (to + NP):
He explained (to us) [that he was on a diet].
(2)
Глаголы acknowledge, admit, announce, complain, confess, explain, mention, point out, propose, prove, recommend, remark, report, say, state и suggest допускают комплементацию в виде предложного оборота и that-clause как прямого дополнения:
He did not return to his seat but announced to the general assembly [that he was very tired].
I want an education, to prove to society [that I am no longer dangerous].
I suggested to Charlie [that he come with me but he turned pale at the idea].
4. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as indirect object) + wh-clause (as direct object)
(1)
He asked [me] [what time it was].
В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы tell, advise, ask, inform, remind, show, teach:
I asked [him] [why he came].
Could you please advise [me] [what I should do].
Just to remind [you] [what we covered last time…] (преподаватель на лекции)
Don't ask [me] [what it is].
Ask [him] [where he put it].
Tell [me] [what this is].
Can you inform [me] [whether this train stops at Luton]?
He told [us] [where he had gone].
(2) С глаголами ask и show непрямое дополнение может опускаться:
He asked [(me)] [where I had been].
(3)
Глагол explain употребляется с wh-clause следующим образом:
He explained (to us) [what had happened].
5. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as indirect object) + wh-infinitive (as direct object)
(1) Глаголы advise, ask, instruct, remind, show, teach, tell, warn могут употребляться в конструкции с wh-инфинитивом в роли прямого дополнения:
I’ll ask [Anne] [what to wear].
The pastry chef showed [him] [how to create exotic desserts].
They should have told [us] [what to do if we were dissatisfied].
Mary showed [us] [what to do].
I showed [them] [how to do it].
Please tell [me] [which to take].
He told [us] [where to go].
They told [the girl] [where to start].
■ Как вариант этой конструкции можно рассматривать обороты с whether (= if в разговорной речи) с глаголами tell, inform, remind:
Tell [me] [if/whether they have gone].
С глаголом ask непрямое дополнение может опускаться:
I asked (you) [if/whether they have gone].
6. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + to-infinitive clause (as indirect object)
В роли непрямого дополнения может выступать инфинитивный оборот:
I advised [Mark] [to see a doctor].
Who taught [you] [to play the guitar]?
К глаголам, которые употребляются в этой конструкции относятся advise, ask, beg, challenge, command, direct, forbid, implore, instruct, invite, order, persuade, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, urge:
Did they ever advise [you to go and see a doctor]?
Sally invited [her] [to stay lots of times].