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9-7. Переходный глагол с дополнением и комплементом дополнения
vt + dO + Object Complement
1. It used to drive me crazy - noun phrase (dO) + adjective phrase (oC)
2. She used to call her Aunt Susie - noun phrase (dO) + noun phrase (oC)
3. You could put the water in a bottle - noun phrase (dO) + prepositional phrase (as locative complement)
4. I certainly believe it to be very rare - noun phrase (dO) + to-infinitive clause (oC)
5. I heard her scream - noun phrase (dO) + infinitive without to (oC)
6. I noticed them doing that - noun phrase (dO) + -ing clause (oC)
7. Let's get this stuff washed - noun phrase (dO) + -ed clause (oC)
1. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + noun phrase (as object complement)
They elected [him] [captain].
В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы appoint, baptize, call, christen, consider, crown, declare, deem, elect, find, hold, keep, label, leave, make, name, nominate, proclaim, pronounce, rate, think, vote:
They named [the ship] ['Victory'].
She used to call [her] [Aunt Susie].
They made [Newton] [President of the Royal Society].
They wanted to crown [Caesar] [king].
If I never saw them again, I would not consider [it] [a loss].
They declared [the festival] [a great success].
You will, I think, find [it] [a comfort in the years ahead].
You’ve done these different things and it has made [you] [a slightly different person].
■ Глагол christen может использоваться по-разному:
They christened John last week.
They christened their son John.
(1.1) Возможны конструкции по следующим шаблонам:
We considered [it] [a pity /strange + to-infinitive]
We considered [it] [foolish (of him)] + to-infinitive]
We considered [it] ][a pity /strange + that clause]
Например:
We believe ][it] [a pity/strange (for him) to say a thing like that].
We consider [it] ][a pity/strange that he never answered your letter].
Так могут употребляться глаголы consider, believe, count, think.
(1.2) Возможна конструкция по следующему шаблону (as + NP/ adjective):
We regard [him] [as a genius/as brilliant].
Так могут употребляться глаголы accept, acknowledge, claim, condemn, consider, count, describe, look on, recognise, regard, see, treat.
(1.3) Возможна конструкция по следующему шаблону:
They took/mistook [him] for an American (for + NP)
They took [me] for a fool.
2. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + adjective phrase (as object complement)
That music drives [me] [mad].
It used to drive me crazy.
В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы call, consider, declare, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, prefer, send, think, turn, want:
I must keep [dad’s dinner] [warm].
The whole of mankind makes [me] [angry].
We found [the garden] [slightly disappointing].
We found [the house] [empty].
Please have [everything] [ready].
We hold [you] [responsible].
I don't like [my bread] [fresh].
I want [all these windows] [clean].
He'll wish [himself] [dead].
■ Прилагательное может выражать состояние, которое получится в результате действия:
The sun will burn [our skin] [black].
It will drive [us] [mad].
Keep [yourself] [warm].
Don't get [your feel] [wet].
Please leave [the door] [open].
Make [yourself] [comfortable].
Open [the window] [wide].
This will render [it] [safe].
The shock may turn [his hair] [white].
Wash [the plate] [clean].
Wipe [the windscreen] [clear].
(2.1) С некоторыми глаголами возможны два варианта:
We broke [the door] [open].
We broke [open] [the door].
В такой конструкции можно употреблять глаголы break, burst, fling, force:
We pulled/pushed [the door] [open].
We cut/slit [the packet] [open].
■ Можно говорить о некотором "пересечении" конструкций:
We believe [it] [a pity/strange (for him) to say a thing like that].
We consider [it] [a pity/strange that he never answered your letter]. (см. 1.1)
We regard [him] as a genius/as brilliant (см. 1.2)
We consider [him] [(to be) a fool/foolish] (см. 4.1)
3. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + prepositional phrase (as locative complement)
I Ieft [the key] at home.
You could put [the water] in a bottle.
I put [the key] in the lock.
С глаголами put, place и stand после дополнения необходима комплементация:
They put/placed/stood [the ladder] against the wall.
Lay и set требуют (или не требует) комплементации дополнения в зависимости от значения:
They laid [the injured man] on the stretcher.
The chicken has laid [an egg].
They set the knives and forks on the table.
They set [the table] (=set knives, forks, etc. on it).
4. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + to-infinitive clause (as object complement)
They knew [him] [to be a spy].
I certainly believe [it] [to be very rare].
Allow, announce, appoint, assume, believe, condemn, consider, declare, elect, enable, encourage, entitle, equip, expect, feel, find, force, get, help, imagine, inspire, intend, know, lead, mean, oblige, permit, presume, proclaim, prompt, reckon, report, require, suppose, take, think, tip, understand
Williams quite simply loathes the automobile. He believes it to be the world’s prime source of disease, pollution and war and a destroyer of mind, nature and morality.
She had never intended [her work] [to cause such controversy].
Most people supposed [him] [(to be) innocent].
They proved [him] [(to be) wrong].
Do you think [him] [(to be) a good worker]?
(4.1) Употребление to be в этой конструкции может быть обязательным (а) или нет (b):
a) We know [him] [to be reliable/a good worker]. (to be обязательно).
В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы know, acknowledge, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, report, suppose.
b) We consider [him] [(to be) a fool/foolish]. (to be не обязательно)
В этой констукции употребляются глаголы consider, declare, find, prove, think.
(инфинитив обязателен в такого рода предложениях: We consider him to have been foolish (=We consider that he acted foolishly).
5. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + infinitive without to (as object complement)
I saw [her] [leave the room].
I heard [her] [scream].
(5.1) Этак конструкция употребляется с глаголами восприятия: feel, see, watch, hear, notice:
Jane used to come down here and watch [me] [bake cakes].
I heard [the bell] [ring].
Watch [that boy] [jump]!
Did you see [him] [go out]?
Did anyone hear [John] [leave the house]?
(5.2) Также инфинитив употребляется без частицы to после глаголов make, help, have, let:
They made [me] [do it].
What makes [you] [think so]?
Let [me] [go].
We can’t let [the matter] [rest here].
There’s a law firm that will help [you] [make a claim against the travel agent] if you’ve had a bad holiday.
I will/would have [you] [know that . . .]
What would you have [me] [do]?
Would you have [me] [believe that]?
You wouldn’t have [me] [do that], would you?
I had [him] [mend that fence for me].
6. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + -ing clause (as object complement)
I heard [some one] [shouting].
I noticed [them] [doing that].
I found [him] [standing on the doorstep].
В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, overhear, keep, leave, notice, observe, see, set, smell, spot, start, stop, want, watch:
I found [her] [bathing the baby], which was lovely.
At ten o’clock every Friday they’d hear [someone] [walking up the stairs].
My next-door neighbour actually said to me that the girl next door to her had overheard [them] [talking about breaking into this house on the corner].
We saw [the car] [stopping].
Hurry up and get [those people] [moving].
George had [us all] [laughing].
Please don't keep [me] [waiting].
Can you set/start [this engine] [going]?
I want [you] [(to be) sitting there].
I saw [the thief] [running away].
We watched [the train] [steaming past].
I heard [him] [giving orders].
I can’t have [you] [doing that].
We can’t have [them] [wasting their time in this way].
7. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as dO) + -ed clause (as oC)
I got [the watch] [repaired].
Let's get [this stuff] [washed].
We found [the door] [locked].
В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы: feel (oneself), have, need, find, leave, want, get, like, prefer:
I keep meaning to get [it] [fixed].
He had [a few things] [stolen].
They want [him] [buried there].
He couldn’t make [his voice] [heard].
I heard [my name] [called].
We found [the house] [deserted].
We shall have [the house] [painted].
Where did you have/get [your cards] [printed]?
You had better have [that tooth] [pulled out].
We must have/get [it] [seen to].
She has had [her handbag] [stolen].
The General had [two horses] [shot under him].
King Charles I had [his head] [cut off].
(7.1) Find, like, prefer и want могут употребляться так:
We found [the door] [(to be) locked].
(7.2) Have, feel, get, hear, keep и see могут употребляться по следующему шаблону (и в этом случае to be нельзя вставить):
I have had [my hair] [cut].
We saw [the door] [safely locked].
■ Глагол make может употребляться последующему шаблону:
Some people can always make [their presence] [felt].
He made [his influence] [felt].
You must make [yourself] [respected].