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Краткое содержание главы
Краткое содержание главы
(1). Перемещение элементов предложения. Хотя возможностей для этого существенно меньше, чем, например, в русском языке, они есть.
(2). Пассивный залог
Простое время:
| I invited | → I [was] invited |
| I invite | → I [am] invited |
| I will invite | → I [will be] invited |
Продолженное время:
| I was inviting | → I [was being] invited |
| I am inviting | → I [am being] invited |
| I will be inviting | → I |
Совершенное простое:
| I have invited | → I [have been] invited |
| I had invited | → I [had been] invited |
| I will have invited | → I [will have been] invited |
Совершенное продолженое:
| I have been inviting | → I |
| I had been inviting | → I |
| I will have been inviting | → I |
(3). Формальное it в роли подлежащего
| [That he was acquitted] disturbs her. | → It disturbs her [that he was acquitted]. (that-клоз) |
| [How she escaped] remains a mystery | → It remains a mystery [how she escaped]. (wh-клоз) |
| [To give up now] would be a mistake | → It would be a mistake [to give up now] (инфинитив). |
(4). Оборот there is/there are:
| Some keys were near the safe | → There were some keys near the safe. |
| A nurse was present | → There was a nurse present. |
(5). «Расщепленная» конструкция:
Sue introduced Jim to Pat.
It was Sue who introduced Jim to Pat.
It was Jim who Sue introduced to Pat.
It was Pat who Sue introduced Jim to.
И похожий прием с what:
[What I object to] is that he lied.
[What I like about her] is that she always means what she says.
(6). В ряде случаев перенос того или иного элемента в начало предложения сопровождается инверсией:
The pain was so bad that I fainted → So bad was the pain that I fainted.
Вызывают инверсию, например:
a) «Негативные» обстоятельства: Never had she felt so alone.
b) Выражения с so, only и such: Only later did I realise my mistake. Sue is going, and so am I. Such a fuss did they make that we abandoned the idea.
c) перенос обстоятельства места в начало предложения: In its depths stood a house constructed of huge logs.
