9-3. Пассив с конструкцией vt + dO

1. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object)

■ Возможны два варианта:
Tom caught the ball. (with passive)
Paul lacks confidence. (without passive)

Наиболее "популярные" из многочисленных глаголов, которые употребляются в этой конструкции: begin, believe , bring , call, carry, close, cut, do, end, enjoy, expect, feel, find, follow, hear , help , hold , keep, know, like, lose, love, make, mean, meet, move, need, pass, receive , remember , say , see, start, study, take, use, visit, want, wash, watch, win.

Большинство глаголов могут употребляться в пассивных конструкциях:

My finger was/got badly burnt.
The postman brought it and apologised.
Our luggage was brought to the hotel.

Do you want to keep the menu?
Random access memory is a temporary storage area where information is kept while the computer is on.

I've just started a camera course at university.
The fire was started deliberately.

■ Глагол marry употребляется так:

The Consul married John and Mary.
John and Mary were married by the Consul.
John/Mary was married to Mary /John.

Fit, have, lack, resemble и suit не употребляются в пассиве:

I had a weird dream. (Неверно: A weird dream was had (by me).)
That suits you. (Неверно: You’re suited by that.)

■ have в значениях, отличных от 'hold' или 'possess' иногда может употребляться в пассиве:

A good time was had by all.

В заголовках новостей возможны следующие варианты:

Prime Minister announces new immigration restrictions (active)
New immigration restrictions announced by Prime Minister (passive with agent phrase)
New immigration restrictions announced (passive with agent omitted)

2. Subject + vt + that-clause (as direct object)

a) I think that we have met.

В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы accept, admit, agree, announce, argue, assume, believe, bet, check, claim, comment, complain, conclude, confess, confirm, consider, decide, deny, discover, doubt, expect, explain, feel, find, forget, gather, guarantee, guess, hear, hint, hold, hope, imagine, imply, infer, insist, know, learn, mean, mention, notice, predict, presume, pretend, promise, protest, prove, realise, recall, reckon, recognise, remark, remember, repeat, reply, report, say, see, show, state, suggest, suppose, suspect, swear, think, understand, warn, write:

■ Возможны два варианта пассива:

A. It is believed that he is ill.
B. He is believed to be ill.

A. It is believed that he is coming.
B. He is believed to be coming.

A. It is believed that he has come/came.
B. He is believed to have come.

Первый вариант можно употреблять с большинством глаголов из тех, что используются в этой конструкции.
Второй вариант употребляется с глаголами: assume, believe, consider, declare, expect (future reference), feel, know, report, say, see, suppose, think, understand.

■ С глаголами depend, insist и swear возможна конструкция: I will see (to it) (that) nothing happens.

You may depend (up)on it that I shall support you. [(Up)on it – обязательно]
I must insist ((up)on it) that everyone leaves the room. [(up)on it - необязательно]
I saw/can swear (to it) that he never left my sight. [to it - необязательно]

■ пассив здесь не употребляется.

b) с глаголами recommend, agree, arrange, ask, command, consider, decide, desire, disagree, insist, intend, propose, request. suggest, urge может употребляться конструкция:

We recommend (that) he should go/go.

Употребление should+инфинитив характерно для британского английского, а глагол в форме subjunctive – для американского диалекта).

■ Пассив: It is recommended that he should go.
Такой пассив не употребляется с глаголами desire, disagree, insist.

c) Глагол regret, а также такие обороты как 'I am sorry' или 'It is a pity' употребляются в таких конструкциях:

I regret (that) he should feel/feels that way.
(вариант с should в американском английском звучит неестественно)

■ Пассив:
It is regretted that he should feel that way about it.

3. Subject + vt + wh-clause (as direct object)

a) В этой конструкции, во-первых, употребляются глаголы: anticipate, arrange, ascertain, ask, care, check, choose, confirm, consider, decide, depend, discover, discuss, doubt, enquire, establish, explain, find, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, judge, know, learn, mind, notice, observe, out, predict, prove, realise, remember, say, see, show, tell, think, wonder.

Could I possibly ask why you’re unable to attend?
I’ll just find out who you need to speak to.
Nobody can predict what’s going to happen in life.
You can never tell what he’s going to do next. [tell = predict]

■ Пассив:
What happened to him was never explained.
(вместо explained может быть asked, found out, forgotten, known, re¬membered, understood)

b) I asked if/whether had gone.
You have to decide whether or not you want it.

В конструкции с whether/if могут употребляться глаголы ask, decide. doubt, enquire, find out, forget, not know, not say, wonder.

Пассив: It was not known if/whether he would ask.

4. Subject + vt + wh-infinitive (as direct object)

I learned how to sail a boat.
I wonder what to do.

В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы: arrange, ask, check, choose, consider, decide, discover, discuss, enquire, establish, explain, find, forget, imagine, inquire, judge, know, learn, notice, observe, out, remember, say, see, show, tell, think, wonder.

Can you explain how to use this machine?
I’m just wondering what to say to you.
The committee reports to the Head of Department, who can then choose whether to take action.

5. Subject + vt + to-infinitive (as direct object)

We've decided to move house.

С инфинитивом могут употребляться глаголы afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, choose, claim, continue, decide, demand, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, remember, (can hardly) stand, start, try, want, wish:

I managed to make it sound a lot better than it was.

Пассив: I hope/want/would like to be asked.

6. Subject + vt + noun phrase + to-infinitive

a) Это фактически вариант предыдущий конструкции, где инфинитивный оборот имеет свое собственное подлежащее (если это местоимение, то оно стоит в объектной форме) – вместе они представляют собой смысловое целое, которое можно рассматривать как составное дополнение.

They want us to help.

Наиболее часто в этой конструкции употребляются глаголы choose, hate, like, love, need, prefer и want:

She’d hate me to remember just that sort of thing.

Пассив: You are expected to come tomorrow.

■ Предложение 'You are supposed to come tomorrow' не имеет эквивалента в активном залоге.

b) С глаголами arrange, ask, long, prepare, provide, vote, wait и wish возможна такая конструкция:

I will arrange for you to come (vt + for + NP + infinitive)

■ Пассив: We asked/arranged/longed/waited for that to be done.

7. Subject + vt + -ing clause (as direct object)

She enjoys playing tennis.

В этой конструкции обычно употребляются глаголы admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, burst out (e.g. laughing), can't help, can't face, can't stand , can’t face, commence, complete, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, despise, detest, discuss, dislike, dread, endure, enjoy, escape, fancy, feel like, finish, give up, imagine, involve, justify, keep (on), leave off (= cease/stop), loathe, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practise, prevent, put off, quit, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, resume, risk, suggest, tolerate

■ Герундий может употребляться в пассивной форме: appreciate being asked.

■ С глаголами want, bear, need и require герундий может иметь пассивное значение:

My shoes want mending.

8. Subject + vt + noun phrase + -ing clause

I hate the children quarrelling.

С некоторыми глаголами – например, hate, like, love, mind и remember – может употребляться -ing clause с фактически своим подлежащим (если это местоимение, то оно употребляется в объектном падеже):

I used to love him coming to visit us.

■ Пассивы возможны только с to-инфинитивом:

The car was seen to stop.
We were made to empty all our suitcases.
He has never been known to behave like that before.