9-5. Пассив с конструкцией vt + dO + Complement

Переходный глагол + прямое дополнение + комплемент дополнения

1. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + noun phrase (as object complement)

They elected him captain.

В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы appoint, baptize, call, christen, consider, crown, declare, deem, elect, find, hold, keep, label, leave, make, name, nominate, proclaim, pronounce, rate, think, vote:

They named the ship 'Victory'.

■ C глаголами appoint, baptize, christen, crown, elect, label, name, nominate возможны два варианта пассива:

He was elected. He was elected captain.

С глаголами call, declare, leave, make, nickname, proclaim, pronounce, vote возможен только один вариант пассива:

He was made captain.

1.1. Возможны конструкции по следующим шаблонам:

We considered it a pity /strange + to-verb
We considered it foolish (of him) + to-verb
We considered it a pity /strange + that clause

Например:

We believe it a pity/strange (for him) to say a thing like that.
We consider it a pity/strange that he never answered your letter.

Так могут употребляться глаголы consider, believe, count, think.

■ Пассив употребляется с глаголами consider и think:

It was considered a pity/ strange/foolish etc.
It was thought a pity/ strange/foolish etc.

1.2. Возможна конструкция по следующему шаблону:

We regard him as a genius/as brilliant (as + NP/ adjective).

Так могут употребляться глаголы accept, acknowledge, claim, condemn, consider, count, describe, look on, recognise, regard, see, treat.

■ Пассив:
He is acknowledged/ regarded/looked (up)on as a genius/ as brilliant.

1.3. Возможна конструкция по следующему шаблону:

They took/mistook him for an American (for + NP)
They took me for a fool.

■ Пассив:

He was taken for an American.

2. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + adjective phrase (as object complement)

That music drives me mad.
It used to drive me crazy.

В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы call, consider, declare, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, prefer, send, think, turn, want:

I must keep dad’s dinner warm.
The whole of mankind makes me angry.
We found the garden slightly disappointing.

■ Пассивы:
The house was found (to be) empty.
We were nearly driven mad.
Our rooms were got ready.

3. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + prepositional phrase (as locative complement)

I Ieft the key at home.
You could put the water in a bottle.
I put the key in the lock.

■ Пассив:

The car was put in the garage.
Which is the garage (that) my car was put in?

4. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + to-infinitive clause (as object complement)

В этой конструкции употребляются: allow, announce, appoint, assume, believe, condemn, consider, declare, elect, enable, encourage, entitle, equip, expect, feel, find, force, get, help, imagine, inspire, intend, know, lead, mean, oblige, permit, presume, proclaim, prompt, reckon, report, require, suppose, take, think, tip, understand

They knew him to be a spy.
I certainly believe it to be very rare.

Williams quite simply loathes the automobile. He believes it to be the world’s prime source of disease, pollution and war and a destroyer of mind, nature and morality.
She had never intended her work to cause such controversy.
Most people supposed him (to be) innocent.
They proved him (to be) wrong.
Do you think him (to be) a good worker?

■ Пассив:
He is believed to have arrived in Moscow in the last two weeks.
It has been known to happen.
The polluted waters were reported to be moving out to sea.

4.1. Употребление to be в этой конструкции может быть обязательным (а) или нет (b):

(a) We know him to be reliable/a good worker (to be обязательно).

В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы know, acknowledge, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, report, suppose.

■ Пассив: He is known to be reliable/ a good worker

(b) We consider him (to be) a fool/foolish (to be не обязательно)

В этой констукции употребляются глаголы consider, declare, find, prove, think.

(инфинитив обязателен в такого рода предложениях: We consider him to have been foolish (=We consider that he acted foolishly).

■ Пассив: He is considered (to be) a fool/foolish

5. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + infinitive without to (as object complement)

I saw her leave the room.
I heard her scream.

5.1. Этак конструкция употребляется с глаголами восприятия: feel, see, watch, hear, notice:

Jane used to come down here and watch me bake cakes.
I heard the bell ring

6. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + -ing clause (as object complement)

I heard some one shouting.
I noticed them doing that.
I found him standing on the doorstep

В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, overhear, keep, leave, notice, observe, see, set, smell, spot, start, stop, want, watch:

I found her bathing the baby, which was lovely.
At ten o’clock every Friday they’d hear someone walking up the stairs.
My next-door neighbour actually said to me that the girl next door to her had overheard them talking about breaking into this house on the corner.

■ Пассив может употребляться с глаголами catch, discover, find, hear, keep, leave, observe, see, set:

We were kept waiting.
The car was seen backing into a garage.
He was found smoking.

7. Subject + vt + noun phrase (as direct object) + -ed clause (as object complement)

I got the watch repaired.
Let's get this stuff washed.

В этой конструкции употребляются глаголы: feel (oneself), have, need, find, leave, want, get, like, prefer:

I keep meaning to get it fixed.
He had a few things stolen.

7.1. Find, like, prefer и want могут употребляться так:

We found the door (to be) locked

7.2. Have, feel, get, hear, keep и see могут употребляться по следующему шаблону (и в этом случае to be нельзя вставить):

I have had my hair cut.
We saw the door safely locked.

■ Make может употребляться последующему шаблону:

Some people can always make their presence felt.
He made his influence felt.
You must make yourself respected.

■ Пассив возможен с глаголами find, keep и think:

The door was found (to be) locked.

■ Пассив также возможен с глаголом see (to be здесь обычно вставляется) :

The door was seen to be locked.