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Частотный словарь (2-я тысяча)

■ abandon [ə'bændən] покидать, оставлять, abandoned, abandonment {Latin bandon control}
■ absent ['æbsənt] отсутствующий, absence, absentee, absenteeism {Latin esse to be}
surd, absurd [əb'sɜ:rd, əb'zɜ:rd] нелепый, абсурдный, absurdity [ə 'sɜ:rdɪti, əb'zɜ:rdɪti ] {Latin surdus deaf}
■ accent ['ækˌsent] акцент, accentuate [æk'senʧu:ˌeɪt], accentuation, accented/unaccented {cantus song}
■ accept [æk'sept, əkˈsept] принимать, accepted/unaccepted, acceptable/ unacceptable, acceptance {Latin capere to take}
■ access ['ækses] подход к, accessible/ inaccessible, accessibility/ inaccessibility, accession [æk'seʃən], accessory {Latin cēdere to come}
■ accident ['æksɪdənt, 'æksɪˌdent] случай, случайность, accidental, accidentally {Latin cadere to fall}
■ accord [ə'kɔ:rd] согласие, accordance, according, accordingly, according as, according to {Latin cord heart}
accurate ['ækjərɪt] точный, аккуратный /inaccurate, accuracy ['ækjərəsi]/inaccuracy {Latin cure curator}
■ accuse [ə'kju:z] обвинять, accused, accusation [ˌækju:'zeɪʃən], accuser, accusative {Latin causa lawsuit}
ache [eɪk] болеть, боль, aching
■ achieve [ə'ʧi:v] достигать, achievment {chief}
■ acquaint [ə'kweɪnt] знакомить, acquaintance, acquainted/unacquainted {Latin cognōscere to learn}
■ admire [æd'maɪr] восхищаться, admirer, admirable, admiration [ˌædmə'reɪʃən] {Latin mīrāri to wonder}
■ admit [æd'mɪt] впускать, допускать, admittedly, admittance, admission, admissible/ inadmissible, admissibility {Latin mittere to send}
■ adult [ə'dʌlt, 'ædʌlt] взрослый, adulthood {Latin alēscere to grow}
■ advance [æd'væns] двигать вперед, продвижение, advanced, advantage [æd'væntɪʤ]/disadvantage, advantageous [ˌædvæn'teɪʤəs, ˌædvən'teɪʤəs]/disadvantageous {Latin ante before}
■ advertise ['ædvərˌtaɪz] рекламировать, advertisement /ad/advert, advertent/ inadvertent, advertence/ inadvertence, advertently/inadvertently {vertere to turn}
■ affair дело {Latin faire to do}
■ affect I влиять /disaffect, affecting/disaffectin, affection/disaffection, affectionate, affectionately, affected/unaffected {Latin afficere to do to, act on}; affect II притворяться, affected, affectation {Latin affectāre to affect, influence; see affect I}
■ agent [ˈeɪdʒənt] агент , посредник, agency, reagent
aggress aggressive [ə'gresɪv] агрессивный, aggression [ə'greʃən]/non-agression, aggressor {Latin gradī, to go}
■ ah/ahh/ahhh [ɑː] а! ах!
■ aid [eɪd] помощь, пособия, aided/unaided, aide
■ alarm [əˈlɑːm] тревога, тревожить, alarming, alarmist {arm}
alcohol ['ælkəˌhɔ:l, 'ælkəˌhɒl] алкоголь, alcoholic [ˌælkə'hɔ:lɪk, ælkə'hɒlɪk] /non-alcoholic
■ alley ['æli] переулок
alter [ˈɔːltə] менять, alterable, alternate, alternately, alteration, alternating, altered/unaltered, alternative, alternation; altercate, altercation
■ ambition [æm'bɪʃən] честолюбие, стремление, ambitious [æm'bɪʃəs]/unambitious {Latin ambi- + īre, to go}
angel ['eɪnʤəl] ангел / archangel ['ɑ:rkˌeɪnʤəl], angelic
angle I угол ['æŋgəl]/rectangle ['rekˌtæŋgəl]/ triangle ['traɪˌæŋgəl], angular ['æŋgjələr] / equiangular {angulus corner] angle II рыболовецкий ключок, angler, angling [Middle English anglen, from angel, fishhook}
■ announce [əˈnaʊns] объявлять announcement, announcer, annunciation/ denunciation/pronunciation/mispronunciation; denounce, denouncement, denouncer; pronounce / mispronounce, unpronounceable, pronounced, pronouncement {Latin nuntius, messenger}
■ annoy ['ənɔɪ] раздражать, надоедать, annoying, annoyance {Latin odium, hatred}
ant [ænt] муравей
anxious ['æŋkʃəs, 'æŋʃəs] беспокойный, тревожный, anxiously, anxiety [æŋ'zaɪɪti]
■ apologize [ə'poʊləˌʤaɪz] извиняться, apologetic [əˌpoʊlə'ʤetɪk], apologetically, apology ['əpɒləʤi:], apologist {Latin logos, speech}
■ appeal [ə'pi:l] обращаться, обращение, призыв, appellation {Latin pellere, to push, drive}
■ appetite ['æpɪˌtaɪt] аппетит, appetizer, appetizing/ unappetizing, appetitive ['æpɪˌtaɪtɪv, ə'petɪtɪv] {Latin petere, to seek}
■ applaud [ə'plɔ:d] апплодировать, applause {Latin plaudere, to clap}
■ apply [ə'plaɪ] применять /misapply, appliance [ə'plaɪəns], applicable/inapplicable ['æplɪkəbəl, ə'plɪkəbəl], applicability/inapplicability, applicant, application, appliqué {Latin plicāre, to fold together}
appoint назначать appointment appointee {point}
■ appreciate [ə'pri:ʃi:ˌeɪt] ценить, понимать, unappreciated, appreciative [ə'pri:ʃətɪv, ə'pri:ʃˌi:eɪtɪv]/ unappreciative, appreciable [ə'pri:ʃəbəl], appreciation {Latin pretium, price}
■ approach [ə'proʊʧ] приближение, приближаться, approaching, approach able/ unapproachable {Latin propius, nearer}
■ area ['eəri:ə] площадь, зона, район
■ arrest [ə'rest] арестовывать, арест
■ article ['ɑ:rtɪkəl] предмет, статья, пункт; артикль, articulate [adj.ɑ:r'tɪkjəlɪt, v. ɑ:r'tɪkjəˌleɪt]/ inarticulate, articulateness/inarticulateness, articulated/ unarticulated, articulation
ash I ясень {Old Norse askr; mountain ash}; ash II пепел, ashen {Old High German aska, dry}
ass I осел, asinine, asininity {Latin asinus ass} ass II /arse зад {Old English ærs = arse}
■ assist [ə'sɪst] помогать, assistance, assistant {sistere, to stand}
■ assume [ə'su:m, əˈsjuːm] принимать; предполагать, assumed, assumption [əˈsʌmpʃən], unassuming {Latin sūmere, to take}
■ attach [ə'tæʧ] привязывать, прикреплять, attachment, attached/unattached (detach)
■ attack [ə'tæk] нападать, поражать /counter-attack, attacker {tack}
■ attempt [ə'tempt] пытаться, попытка {Latin temptāre, to test} {tempt}
■ attend [ə'tend] ухаживать; присутствовать, unattended, attendant, attendance/ non-attendance, attention [ə'tenʃən]/ inattention, attentive/inattentive {tend}
attitude [ˈætɪˌtjuːd] поза /aptitude
■ attract [ə'trækt] притягивать, attractive/ unattractive, attractiveness, attraction / counter-attraction {Latin trahere, pull; contract, abstract, contract, distract, retract}
author ['ɔ:θər] автор / co-author, authorship, authoritative [ə'θɔ:rɪˌteɪtɪv, ə'θɒrɪˌteɪtɪv, ɔ:'θɔ:rɪˌteɪtɪv, ɔ:'θɒrɪˌteɪtɪv], authority [ə'θɔ:rɪti, ə'θɒrɪti, ɔ:'θɔ:rɪti, ɔ:'θɒrɪti], authoritarian [əˌθɔ:rɪ'teəri:ən, əˌθɒrɪ'teəri:ən, ɔ:ˌθɔ:rɪ'teəri:ən, ɔ:ˌθɒrɪ'teəri:ən]; authorize, authorized/unauthorized, authorization; authentic [ɔ:'θentɪk], authenticate, authentication, authenticity
■ automate [ˈɔːtəˌmeɪt] автоматизировать, automatic/semiautomatic, automaton, autocrat, autocracy {Latin matos,willing}
■ avail польза, выгода available/ unavailable, unavailing, availability {Latin vail, to be worth}
avenue ['ævəˌnu:, 'ævəˌnju:] аллея
average ['ævərɪʤ, 'ævrɪʤ] средний, среднее
■ avoid избегать, avoidable, avoidance, unavoidable
■ award награда, присуждать {ward}
awe [ɔ:] благоговение, awful, awfully, awesome; overawe
awkward ['ɔ:kwərd] неуклюжий, awkwardness

bachelor ['bæʧələr, 'bæʧlər] холостяк / bachelorette, baccalaureate
badge значок
balance ['bæləns] равновесие, баланс /counterbalance/ overbalance, balanced / unbalanced
balcony ['bælkəni] балкон
bald [bɔ:ld] лысый, baldness, baldly
banana [bə'nænə] банан
bang I ударять, хлопать, удар, хлопок, взрыв banger {Old Norse banga hammer} bang II челка {probably short for bangtail short tail}
bar прут, перекладина barring, barrister, barrage; debar/ disbar
bark I кора {Old Norse björkr birch}; bark II лаять, barker {Lithuanian burgěti to quarrel, growl} bark III барк, debark/ embark/ disembark, debarkation/embarkation/disembarkation {Middle English barke, boat}
barn сарай
barrel [ˈbærəl] бочка, ствол
base [beɪs] основание, основывать, basal, baseless, basement/semibasement, basic, basically, basis; abase/ debase, abasement /debasement
bastard ['bæstərd] ублюдок
bat I бита, batter, bats, batty, battery {Old French batre to beat; see batter}; bat II летучая мышь {Swedish dialect natt-batta night bat}; bat III моргать {Probably a variant of bate}
battle ['bætl] бой, битва, battlement, battalion (beat) combat, combatant/ non-combatant
bay I залив {Old French baer to open out, gape}; bay II эркер {Old French baer, to open up, gape}; bay III гнедой {Old Irish buide, yellow}; bay IV лай {Middle English abai, the cornering of a hunted animal by barking dogs}; bay V лавр {Old French baie berry}
beam [bi:m] луч; балка
bean beanie [bi:n] боб
beard [bɪərd] борода, bearded, beardless
beast [bi:st] зверь, beastly, beastly, beastiness
bee [bi:] пчела
beef говядина beefy
beep гудок beeper
beetle жук
■ beg
просить beggar, beggarly, beggary
belt пояс, ремень
■ bench лавка, скамья
■ berry
['beri] ягода
betray [bɪ'treɪ] предавать
billion миллиард, биллион
■ bitch сука bitchy
blade лезвие
■ blame
вина, винить blameless, blamable
blast взрывать, взрыв blasted, blasting
blaze пламя blazer, blazing; ablaze
blink моргать, моргание blinker
block чурбан, глыба, преграждать /unblock, blockade, blockage, blockish, bloc
blond [blɒnd] блондин(ка) /blonde
blunt тупой, притуплять, bluntness
bolt I [boʊlt] засов, задвижка, болт металлический стержень/ unbolt {Old High German bolz bolt for a crossbow}; bolt II просеивать {Old High German būtil bag}
bomb [bɒm] бомба, бомбить, bombing, bomber, bombard [bɒm'bɑ:rd, bəm'bɑ:rd], bombardment
booth [bu:θ, bu:ð] киоск, будка
border граница, граничить
■ borrow
['bɒroʊ, 'bɔ:roʊ] занимать borrowing
boss [bɔ:s, bɒs] начальник, bossy; emboss, embossment
bounce [baʊns] отскакивать, отскок, bouncy, bouncing, bouncer
bound I [baʊnd] прыгать; rebound, outbound [Middle French bondir to leap] bound II граница, boundary, boundless [Medieval Latin bodina] bound III направляющийся, готовый к отправлению {Old Norse būinn, to get ready}; bound IV {past tense and past participle of bind}
bow I [boʊ] лук, радуга и другие изогнутые объекты {Old English boga arch, bow}; bow II [baʊ] кланяться {Old English būgan to bend}; bow III [boʊ] нос корабля {Danish bov ship's bow, shoulder}
bowl I [boʊl] кубок, чаша {bulla, round object}; bowl II шар, bowler {Middle Dutch bolle, round object}
brake I тормоз, braking {Early Modern English brake, bridle, curb (for a horse)}; brake II месить, разбивать комья; brake III кустарник {(bracken}
branch ветвь, разветвляться
■ brand
сорт, марка, клеймить brandish, brandy
brave храбрый, рисковать bravery, bravo, bravado, bravissimo, bravura
bribe взятка, bribery
brick кирпич
■ bride
невеста /bridegroom, bridal
brilliant ['brɪljənt] блестящий, brilliantly, brilliance
broad [brɔ:d] широкий, broadly, broadness, broaden, breadth, breadthways, breadthwise; abroad
brow [braʊ] бровь
brunet /brunette [bruˈnet] брюнетка брюнет
bubble пузырь
■ buck I
олень {Old English buc, male deer}; buck II доллар {Short for buckskin (from its use in trade)}; buck III козлы {Alteration (influenced by buck) of Dutch bok, male goat} buck IV фишка (в покере и т.п.) {Short for buckhorn knife (from its use as a marker in poker)}
bucket ['bʌkɪt] ведро, bucketful
bud почка, бутон buddy
bug клоп, buggy
bullet ['bʊlɪt] пуля / boulette
bump стукнуться, удар, bumpy, bumpiness, bumper
bunch гроздь, кисть
burgle красть (со взломом) burglar, burglarize, burglary, burglarious
burst/ взрываться, взрыв outburst
bury [ˈberi] закапывать, хоронить, burial [ˈberɪəl]
bush [bʊʃ] куст, bushy, bushing; ambush
■ bust I
бюст {Italian busto a sculpture, busty}; bust II ломать, разрушать, buster {a dialect pronunciation of burst}
■ butt I толстый конец чего-либо, buttocks {Old French but, end}, butt II бодать {Old French bouter, to strike}, but III соединять впритык, abut, abutment; buttress {Middle English Old French bouter; see butt I; and from but end; see butt IV], butt IV мишень [Middle English butte target], butt V большая бочка {Latin buttia}
buzz жужжание, жужжать, buzzer

cabbage ['kæbɪʤ] капуста
cabin ['kæbɪn] хижина, каюта, кабина, cabinet ['kæbənɪt], cabana
cable канат, трос
■ cage клетка, cagey
camp лагерь, campus, campaign; encamp/decamp, encampment
cancel ['kænsəl] отменять, cancellation
candle ['kændl] свеча, candelabrum; candescence, incandescent, incandenscence
candy конфета, candied
capture [ˈkæptʃə] захватывать, захват /recapture, captious [ˈkæpʃəs], captiously, captiousness, captive, captivate, captivating, captivity, caption
career [kəˈrɪə] карьера, профессия
carpet ['kɑ:rpɪt] ковер
carrot ['kærət] морковь, морковка
cartridge патрон
■ cash
наличные деньги cashier; encash, encashment
castle ['kæsəl] замок
caution [ˈkɔːʃən] осторожность. предостерегать /precaution, cautionary/precautionary, cautious/incautious, cautiously
cave пещера cavity, cavern ['kævərn], cavernous; excavate, excavation, excavator; concave, concavity
celebrate ['seləˌbreɪt] праздновать, celebrated, celebration, celebrity [sə'lebrɪti]
cell клетка, элемент cellar, cellular
cemetery ['semɪˌteri] кладбище
cent цент, century ['senʧəri], centenary/ bicentenary/ tercentenary/ quincentenary; percent/ per cent, percentage, bicentennial
challenge ['ʧælənʤ] окликать, оклик, challenging, unchallenged
champagne [ʃæm'peɪn] шампанское
channel ['ʧænəl] пролив
chapter глава
■ charge/
плата surcharge/discharge/countercharge/overcharge/ undercharge/recharge, chargeable, charger
charm обаяние charmed, charming, charmer
chase I гнаться Middle English chasen, to hunt] chase II гравировать, enchase {Old French enchasser enchase}
cheat [ʧi:t] обманывать, обман, cheating
cheek щека, cheeky
cheer подбадривать cheering, cheerful, cheerless, cheery, cheerio
chemistry ['kemɪstri] химия /biochemistry, chemical, chemist; alchemy, alchemist
cherry вишня
chess шахматы
chew жевать
chief [ʧi:f] главный, вождь, chiefly, chieftain
chill охлаждать, холод, chilly
chin подбородок
■ chip
щепа, щепка, отщеплять, microchip
choir [kwaɪr] хор, chorus ['kɔ:rəs, 'koʊrəs], choral, chorale, chorister
Christmas/ Xmas ['krɪsməs] рождество, christen ['krɪsən] крестить, christening, christian ['krɪsʧən], christianity, antichrist Christ
chuck I бросать; похлопывать {French choc, knock, blow}, chuck II полено; кусок {Dialectal chuck lump, perhaps variant of chock} chuckIII кудахтать, chuckle {Middle English chukken, of imitative origin}
civic гражданский civil ['sɪvəl] /uncivil, civility, civilize, civilization, civilian, uncivilized
claim требование, притязание /acclaim/reclaim/exclaim/acclaim/disclaim/proclaim/ declaim, acclamation/proclamation/ exclamation/ reclamation/ declamation, exclamatory/ declamatory, claimant, unclaimed, disclaimer
clerk [klɜ:rk; (brit.) klɑ:rk] клерк
click щелкать, щелкание
■ client
['klaɪənt] клиент, clientele
climb [klaɪm] лезть, подниматься, climbing, climber, clamber
closet ['klɒzɪt, 'klɔ:zɪt] шкаф {close}
clown [klaʊn] клоун
clue [klu:] ключ (к разгадке)
coal [koʊl] уголь
coast [koʊst] берег, coastal
cock I петух/cockerel, cocky {Old Norse kokkr; orig. imitative}; cock II стог сена {German Kocke heap of hay or dung}
coin монета, coinage
collar ['kɒlər] воротник
college ['kɒlɪʤ] институт, колледж {legal}
colonel полковник
■ column
['kɒləm] колонна, columnist, collonade
comb [koʊm] гребенка, причесываться, uncombed
Combine объединять, combination
comfort ['kʌmfərt] утешение; уют, комфорт /discomfort, comfortable ['kʌmfərtəbəl, 'kʌmftəbəl, 'kʌmftərbəl]/ uncomfortable, comforting, comforter {fortis strong} {fort}
comedy [ˈkɒmɪdi] комедия, comic(al)/tragicomic, comicality, comedian [kəˈmiːdɪən]
■ command [kə'mænd] приказывать, приказание, команда, commander, commandment, commando, commandeer, commandant {Latin mandāre to entrust}
■ commend [kə'mend] отмечать, рекомендовать /recommend commendation/recommendation, commendatory/ recommendatory, commendable {Latin mandāre to entrust}
■ comment ['kɒment] комментировать, замечание, комментарий, commentary, commentator {mens mind}
■ commerce ['kɒmərs] торговля, commercial [kə'mɜ:rʃəl]
■ commit [kə'mɪti] совершать, commitment, committee/ subcommittee, commission, commissioner, commissionaire, non-committal {Latin mittere to send}
■ common ['kɒmən] общий / uncommon, commons, commonly, commonness, commonality, commoner, commonalty {Latin mūnus task}
■ commune [kə'mju:n] коммуна, communal, communicate/intercommunicate/excommunicate, communication /excommunication/telecommunications/intercommunication/ intercom, communicative/ uncommunicative, communion, community, communicable, communist/anticommunist, communism/anticommunism, incommunicado {common}
■ compare [kəm'peər] сравнивать, compare, comparable/ incomparable, comparative, comparison, comparably/incomparably {Latin pār equal}
■ complain жаловаться complaint, complainer, plaintiff {Latin plangere to lament}
■ complete [kəm'pli:t] полный /incomplete, completely, completion [kəm'pli:ʃən], completeness/incompleteness, completed uncompleted, complement complementary/ uncomplimentary {Latin plēre to fill}
■ complicate ['kɒmplɪˏkeɪt] усложнять, complicated, complication {Latin plicāre to fold}
■ compose составлять composed, composer, composite, composition, compositor, composure {poser to put; pose, oppose, expose, propose, suppose, propose, purpose, dispose}
compute [kəm'pju:t] вычислять, computation, computer {Latin putāre to reckon}

■ conceal [kən'si:l] скрывать, concealment {Latin cēlāre to hide}
■ concern [kən'sɜ:rn] касаться, concerning, concerned/unconcerned {Latin cernere to sift}
■ concert ['kɒnˌsɜ:rt, 'kɒnsərt] концерт; согласие, гармония / disconcert, concerted, concerto {certain}
■ conclude заканчивать concluding, conclusive/inconclusive, conclusiveness/inconclusiveness, conclusion [kən'klu:d] {Latin claudere to close}
■ condition [kən'dɪʃən] условие / recondition/ precondition, conditional/unconditional, conditioned, conditioner {Latin dīcere to talk}
■ confer [kənˈfɜːr] присваивать, присуждать conference, conferee; confer, conferment {Latin ferre to bring}
■ confess [kən'fes] признаваться, confessedly, confession, confessor {Latin fatērī to admit}
■ confide поручать confident/overconfident, confidential, confidentially, confidently, confiding, confidence (fidelity [fɪ'delɪti:, faɪ-]) {Latin fīdere to trust}
■ conflict [ˈkɒn flɪkt] столкновение, конфликт, [kənˈflɪkt] конфликтовать, conflicting {Latin flīgere to strike}
■ confuse [kən'fju:z] запутывать, смущать, confused, confusing, confusion {Latin fundere to pour}
■ congratulate [kən'græʧəˏleɪt, kən'græʤəˏleɪt, kəŋgræʧəˏleɪt] поздравлять congratulations, congratulations, congratulatory {Latin grātulārī, to rejoice, grātus, pleasing} {grateful}
■ conserve сохранять conservative, conservatoire, conservatory, conservation {serve} {Latin servāre, to preserve; preserve, reserve, observe}
■ consult [kən'sʌlt] консультироваться, советоваться consultative, consulting, consultation, consultant, consul, consular, consulate {Latin calāre, to call}
■ contact ['kɒnˌtækt] контакт, ['kɒnˌtækt, kən'tækt] связываться {Latin tangere to touch}
■ contain содержать [kən'teɪn] container, containment {Latin tenēre to hold}
contrary ['kɒnˌtreri] противоположный contrary, contrarily, contrariness, contrary to contrariwise, contrast contrasting
■ converse I вести беседу [kən'vɜ:rs], converse, conversant, conversation, conversational {Latin com- + versārī to occupy oneself} converse II противоположный ['kɒnˌvɜ:rs], conversely {Latin conversus past participle of convertere, to turn aroundvertere to turn} {advert, avert, divert, verse, pervert, advertise, universe, reverse, adverse, averse, diverse, perverse,divorce}
■ convert превращать convertible, convertibility, conversion { Latin vertere to turn}
■ copper, cop полицейский
■ copy ['kɒpi] подражать, копировать, копия, copyist, copying, copier
cork пробка /uncork, corker
■ correct [kə'rekt] правильный, поправлять / incorrect, correctly, uncorrected, corrective, correction, correctness/ incorrectness {Latin regere, to rule}
corridor ['kɔ:rɪdər, 'kɔ:rɪˌdɔ:r, 'kɒrər] корридор
cotton ['kɒtn] хлопок
courage ['kɜ:rɪʤ, 'kʌrɪʤ] мужество, храбрость /discourage, courageous [kə'reɪʤəs], courageously, discouragement; encourage encouragement, encouraging
court [kɔ:rt, koʊrt] двор, courteous ['kɜ:rti:əs] /discourteous, courteously, courtesy ['kɜ:rtɪsi], curtsy, courtly, courtliness, courtesity/discourtesity
cousin [ˈkʌzən] кузен, cousinly, cousinship
coward ['kaʊərd] трус, cowardly, cowardice {cow}
crack колоть, ломать, треск cracker, crackers; crackle crackle, crackling
craft ремесло, ловкость; судно craftily, craftiness
crash бить, разбивать
■ crawl
[krɔ:l] ползти, crawler
cream [kri:m] крем, creamy
create [kri:'eɪt] создавать /procreate/recreate, creative [kri:'eɪtɪv], creativity, creator [kri:'eɪtər], creation/ recreation, creature ['kri:ʧər]
credit ['kredɪt] доверие, честь, кредит /discredit/accredit, creditable/discreditable, credible/incredible, credibly, credibility/incredibility, credulous/incredulous, credul(i)ty/incredulity, credentials, creditor, creed, credence
crew экипаж, команда
■ crime
преступление, преступность, criminal [ˈkrɪmənəl], criminality, criminology, incriminate/ recriminate, criminologist, criminology
crow I кукарекать [krəʊ] {Old English crāwa}; crow II ворон {Old English crāwan; related to Old High German krāen, Dutch kraaien}
cruel ['kru:əl] жестокий, cruelty
crush [krʌʃ] давить, давка, crushing, crusher
cult культ cultivate, cultivation, uncultivated culture ['kʌlʧər], cultured/uncultured, cultural
cure [kjʊr] вылечивать, лечение, лекарство /pedicure, curative, curable/ incurable, curator; procure, procurement, procurator, procurer
■ curio, curious ['kjʊri:əs] любопытный, curiously, curiosity
current ['kɜ:rənt, 'kʌr-] текущий, течение / undercurrent, current, currently, currency
curse [kɜ:rs] проклинать, проклятие, cursed/ accursed/ accurst; cuss cussed, cussedness
curtain ['kɜ:rtn] занавеска
custom ['kʌstəm] обычай, customs, customer, customary ['kʌstəˌmeri]; accustom, accustomed/unaccustomed
cute [kju:t] хитрый, привлекательный, cutesy
cycle ['sɪkəl] цикл /recycle, cyclist, cyclone/ anticyclone; bicycle/bike, bicycler, bicyclist

damage [ˈdæmɪʤ] повреждение, повреждать, damaging, undamaged [damn]
■ damn [dæm] осуждать, проклятие, damn(ed), damning, damnable, damnation; condemn condemnation, condemnatory
dare сметь, отваживаться, бросать вызов daring
dawn [dɔ:n] рассвет, светать
deaf [def] глухой, deafness, deafen, deafening
deal раздавать, иметь дело с, соглашение, dealing, dealer
■ debt [det] долг, debtor, indebted
decent ['di:sənt] приличный/ indecent, decently, decency ['di:sənsi]/ indecency
■ declare [dɪ'kleər] утверждать, объявлять declaration, declaratory, declarative [dɪ'kleərətɪv, dɪ'klær-] Latin {clārāre, to make clear}
■ defend [dɪ'fend] защищать defendant, defender, defensible/indefensible, defensive, defence, defenceless,, undefended {Latin fendere, to strike}
■ define [dɪ'faɪn] определять, definable/ indefinable, definite/indefinite, definitely/indefinitely, definitive, definition definiteness, undefined {fīnis, boundary, limit; final, finish, finite}
■ degree [dɪ'gri:] градус {Latin gradus, step}
■ delete [dɪ'li:t] вычеркивать, deletion, deleterious [ˌdɛlɪˈtɪərɪəs] deleteriously, indelible {Latin littera, letter}
■ delicate [del'ɪkɪt] тонкий, нежный/indelicate, delicacy [del'ɪkəsi]/ indelicacy, delicatessen {Latin lacere to entice}
■ delight [dɪ'laɪt] восторг, восхищение, восхищать, delightful, delightfully, delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs], deliciously, deliciousness {Latin lacere, to entice}
■ deliver [dɪ'lɪvər] доставлять, delivery, deliverance, deliverer {Latin līberāre to free}
■ demand [dɪ'mænd] требование, требовать, demanding/ undemanding {Latin mandāre to entrust}
■ democracy [dɪ'mɒkrəsi] демократия, democratic [ˌdemə'krætɪk]; demographic, demography
■ deny [dɪ'naɪ] отрицать denial, deniable/ undeniable, deniability {Latin negāre to say no}
■ depart уходить, уезжать departed, departure, department, departmental {Latin partir to divide; part}
■ depend [dɪˈpend] зависеть от, dependent/independent/interdependent, dependable/undependable, dependant, dependence/interdependence/ independence, dependency, independently
■ desert I пустыня ['dezərt] {dēsertum to abandon}; desert II покидать, deserter, desertion {Latin dēserere to abandon}; desert III [dɪ'zɜ:rt] то, что заслужено {Old French deserte, to deserve}
■ deserve заслуживать deserved, deservedly, deserving [serve]
■ desire [dɪ'zaɪr] желать, желание, desired, desirable/ undesirable, desirous {Latin sīder star}
desk письменный стол
■ despair [dɪ'speər] отчаиваться, отчаяние, desperate ['despərɪt], desperately, desperation, desperado {Latin spērāre to hope}
destroy разрушать destroyer, destruction, destructive, destructiveness
■ detail деталь, подробность detail, detailed {tailor}
■ detect [dɪ'tekt] обнаруживать, detectable, detection, detective, detector, undetected {Latin tegere to cover}
determine [dɪ'tɜ:rmɪn] определять, решать, determined, determinant, determination, indeterminate, indeterminacy
■ develop [dɪ'veləp] развивать, development, developer, underdeveloped/undeveloped {Latin voloper to wrap}
■ device [dɪ'vaɪs] устройство, прибор; прием, фокус, devise [dɪ'vaɪz] {Latin videre to separate}
devil ['devəl] дьявол, черт/bedevil, devilish, devilishly, devilment, devilry
dial ['daɪəl, daɪl] циферблат, набирать номер
diamond ['daɪəmənd, 'daɪmənd] алмаз
dictate ['dɪkˌteɪt, dɪk'teɪt] диктовать, dictation, dictator, interdict/contradict/ predict, diction/ malediction/ prediction/interdiction / contradiction, dictionary ['dɪkʃəˌneri], dictum ['dɪktəm], contradictory, predicate, predication, predicative, predictable/ unpredictable
dig копать digging, digger, digs
■ disappoint разочаровывать, disappointing, / disappointment
■ discuss [dɪ'skʌs] обсуждать, discussion {Latin quatere to shake}
■ distinct [dɪ'stɪŋkt] отчетливый, четкий, различный/indistinct, distinction [dɪ'stɪŋkʃən]/contradistinction, distinctive, distinctly, distinctness/indistinctness {Latin stinguere to prick}
■ disturb нарушать, мешать disturbance, disturbed/ undisturbed, disturbing {Latin turbāre to agitate; turbine}
dive нырять, прыжок в воду diving, diver
■ divide [dɪ'vaɪd] делить/subdivide, undivided, dividend, dividers division [dɪ'vɪʒən]/ subdivision, divisible/indivisible, indivisibility, divisive, divisor; individual individualism {Latin videre to separate}
■ divorce развод, разводить [dɪ'vɔ:rs, -'voʊrs], divorcee {Latin vertere to turn}
document ['dɒkjəmənt] документ, documentary [ˌdɒkjə'mentəri], documentation
draft составлять, набросок, черновик/draught/overdraft, redraft, draftee, drafty/draughty, drafting, drafter {draw}
drag таскать, тащить, dragging
drama ['drɑ:mə, 'dræmə] драма/ melodrama, dramatic [drə'mætɪk]/melodramatic, dramatically, dramatics, dramatize, dramaturgy, dramatist
drift дрейфовать, течениеdrifter; adrift
drown топить drowned, drowning
drug лекарство, наркотики druggist
due/ [du:, dju:] должное undue, duly/ unduly, duty ['du:ti, 'dju:ti], dutiful, duteous; overdue, subdue, subdued
dull тусклый, неяркий dullard, dullish, dullness
dumb [dʌm] немой, тупой, dumbness; dummy
■ dump
сваливать, мусорная куча dumping, dumpy, dumpster
dusk сумерки duskiness, dusky

eager ['i:gər] энергичный, eagerly, eagerness
eagle ['i:gəl] орел
earn [ɜ:rn] зарабатывать, earnings, unearned
echo ['ekoʊ] эхо
economic(al) [ˏekə'nɒmɪk, ˏi:kənɒmɪk] экономический/ uneconomic(al), economy [ɪ'kɒnəmi], economics [ˏekə'nɒmɪks, ˏi:kənɒmɪks], economize
■ edit ['edɪt] редактировать, editor/ sub-editor, editorship, editorial [ˏedɪ'tɔ:ri:əl, -'toʊr-], edition
■ educate ['eʤəˏkeɪt] давать образование, приучать/re-educate, educated/ uneducated, educator, education [ˌedjʊˈkeɪʃənˏeʤə'keɪʃən] / coeducation/coed, educational/ coeducational, education(al)ist, educator, educative {Latin ēducāre to rear}
■ effect/ [ɪ'fekt] достигать, добиваться, результат, последствие after-effect, effective/ineffective, effectively, effectiveness / ineffectiveness, effectual/ ineffectual, effectuate; efficient/ inefficient, efficiency/inefficiency, efficacious, inefficacy, coefficient {Latin facere, to make}
■ effort ['efərt] попытка, усилие effortless {Latin fortis strong} {fort}
■ elbow ['elˏboʊ] локоть {bow}
■ elect [ɪ'lekt] выбирать, избирать/ re-elect, election [ɪ'lekʃən], elector, elective, electoral [ɪ'lektərəl], electorate; eligible ['elɪʤəbəl] / ineligible, eligibility/ inelegibility {Latin legere to choose}
element ['eləmənt] элемент, часть, elemental, elementary
elephant [ˈelɪfənt] слон.
elevate ['eləˏveɪt] поднимать, elevated, elevating, elevation, elevator {Latin levāre to raise}
embarras [ɪm'bærəs] смущать, embarrassed, embarrassing, embarrassment
■ employ [em'plɔɪ] занятие, служба employee, employer, employment/unemployment/underemployment, unemployed/ underemployed, employable/unemployable {Latin plicāre to fold}
■ energy ['enərʤi:] энергия, energetic [ˏenər'ʤetɪk]
■ engage нанимать engaged, engagement, engaging {gage}
■ engine ['enʤɪn] машина, мотор, двигатель, engineer [ˌendʒɪˈnɪə], engineering {genium, produce}
■ entire [en'taɪr] полный, целый entirely, entirety [en'taɪrɪti:, en'taɪrti] {Latin tangere, to touch}
■ envy ['envi] завидовать, зависть enviable/ unenviable, envious, enviously, invidious, invidiousness {Latin vidēre to see}
equalравный/ inequal ['i:kwəl]/ unequal, equal, equality [ɪ'kwɒlɪti]/ inequality, equalize, equalization, equally, equable, equate, equation, equator, equatorial, equity/inequity, equitable/ inequitable; adequate /inadequate, adequacy
■ equip [ɪ'kwɪp] снабжать, обеспечивать/re-equip, equipment {Latin skipa ship}
err ошибаться, заблуждаться erring/ unerring, error ['erər], errant, erroneous, erroneousness, erratum, erratic, errancy
■ escape [ɪ'skeɪp] избегать, бегство, побег escapism, escapee, inescapable {Latin cappa, cloak}
■ event [ɪ'vent] событие, случай eventful [ɪˈventʃʊəl], eventual [ɪ'venʧu:əl], eventually, eventuality {Latin venīre to come}
■ evident ['evɪdənt] очевидный, явный, evidential, evidence {Latin videre, to see}
evil ['i:vəl] зло, злой
■ exact/ [ɪg'zækt] точный , inexact, exacting, exactly, exactness/ inexactness, inexactitude {Latin agere, to weigh}
■ example [ɪg'zæmpəl] пример, exemplary, exemplify
■ excel [ɪk'sel] превосходить excellent, excellently, excellence, excellency, par excellence {Latin cellere to rise high}
■ excite волновать, возбуждать, excited/ overexcited, excitement, exciting, excitable, excitability, excitation [ɪk'saɪt] {ciēre to set in motion}
■ execute ['eksɪˏkju:t] исполнять execution, executive, executor, executants, executioner {Latin sequī to follow}
■ exercise ['eksərˏsaɪz] применять, испоьльзовать, упражнение {Latin arcēre to restrain}
■ exhibit [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt] экспонат, экспонировать, exhibition, exhibitionist, exhibitor, exhibitioner {Latin habēre to hold}
■ exist/ [ɪg'zɪst] существовать, coexist, existent/ non-existent, existence/ coexistence/ nonexistence {Latin sistere to stand}
■ exit ['egzɪt, 'eksɪt] выход, уход{Latin īre to go}
■ expend [ɪk'spend] тратить expendable, expenditure [ɪk'spendəʧər], expense expensive/ inexpensive {Latin pendere to weigh}
■ experience [ɪk'spɪəri:əns] опыт, испытывать /inexperience, experienced/ inexperienced; experiment experimental [ɪk'sperəmənt]; expert expertness, expertise {peril}
■ explode [ɪk'sploʊd] взрывать, explosive, explosion [ɪk'sploʊʒən] unexploded {Latin plaudere to clap}
■ expose раскрывать, разоблачать/overexpose, exposed/ unexposed, exposure, expository, exposition expositive, expository
■ extend [ɪk'stend] расширять, протягивать extendible/extensible, extent, extension [ɪk'stenʃən], extensive {Latin tendere to stretch}
extreme [ɪk'stri:m] крайний, крайность, extremely, extremist, extremity, extremeness, extra ['ekstrə]

factor /фактор, движущая силаmalefactor factory, factulty; artifact, artifice, artificer, artificial, artificially, artificiality; manufacture, manufacture, manufacturing, manufacturer
fade линять, увядать, faded
faint [feɪnt] слабый, faintly, faintness
faith [feɪθ] вера faithful/ unfaithful, faithfulness, faithfully, faithless, faithlessness [fate]
fake подделка, фальшивка, faker, fakery
false [fɔ:ls] ложный, falsely, falsehood, falsity, falsify, falsification, falsifier
fan I веер, вентилятор {Old English fann, Latin vannus winnowing basket}; fan II болельщик, поклонник fanatic, fanatical, fanaticism {Short for fanatic}
fantasy ['fæntəsi, 'fæntəzi] фантазия, fantastic [fæn'tæstɪk]
farm ферма farmer, farming
fashion образ, мода ['fæʃən]/refashion, fashionable/unfashionable, fashionably
fate судьба, участь fatal, fateful, fatalist, fatalistic, fatalism, fatality, fatally {фаталист}
favor [ˈfeɪvər] расположение, одолжение, любезность/ disfavor, favorable [ˈfeɪvərəbəl, ˈfeɪvrəbəl] / unfavorable, favourite [ˈfeɪvərɪt, ˈfeɪvrɪt], favoritism, favorer {фаворит}
feature ['fi:ʧər] черта, особенность, featureless
female ['fi:meɪl] женский, женщина, feminine ['femənɪn]/ unfeminine, feminist, feminism; effeminacy, effeminate
fence [fens] забор, огораживать; фехтовать fencing {Middle English fens short for defens}, fencer, fencing {Middle English fens, short for defens defense; see defense}
fever ['fi:vər] жар, лихорадка, fevered, feverish
file I папка, досье; ряд profile {Middle English filen, to put documents on file} file II напильник filing {Old English fīl sharp}
film/ пленка; фильм microfilm, filmy, filming
finance [fə'næns, faɪnæns, 'faɪˏnæns] финансы, финансировать, financial, financier
fist кулак fistful
fit I подходящий, годный/unfit/ misfit/ refit/ outfit/ befit, fitter, fitting, fitness, unfitted {Middle English fitten, to be suitable, marshal troops} fit II припадок fitful {Old English fitt struggle}
fix закреплять, чинить/affix/transfix, fixed, fixedly, fixer, fixture
flame пламя, flammable/nonflammable, flaming; aflame; inflame, inflammable/ non-inflammable, infalmability, inflammation, inflammatory, flamboyant
flash вспыша, мигать, flashy, flashiness
flatter ['flætər] льстить, flatterer, flattering/unflattering, flattery
flesh плоть, fleshly, fleshy
fluent беглый, fluency; effluent, effluence, effluvium; affluent affluence; confluence
■ focus
['foʊkəs] фокус, focal ['foʊkəl]/ bifocal
fog туман, foggy
fold I [foʊld] сгибать, складывать/unfold/ enfold, folder, folding {Old High German faldan, double} fold II загон для скота {Old English falod}
folk [foʊk] народ, люди, folksy
fond [fɒnd] любяший, fondle, fondler
forbid запрещать, forbidden, forbidding
foreign [ˈfɒrɪn] иностранный, foreigner
fortune ['fɔ:rʧən] судьба, счастье; состояние/misfortune, fortunate ['fɔ:rʧənɪt]/unfortunate, fortunately/ unfortunately, fortunateness
found I [faʊnd] учреждать foundation [faʊn'deɪʃən], founder, profound {Latin fundus, bottom}; found II плавить {Old French fondre} found III {Past tense and past participle of find}
fountain [ˈfaʊntɪn] фонтан
frame каркас, остов, рама
■ frank
откровенный frankly, frankness
fraud [frɔ:d] обман, мошенничество/defraud, fraudulent, fraudulently, fraudulence
frequent ['fri:kwənt] частый/ infrequent, unfrequented, frequently/ infrequently, frequency/ infrequency
fright [fraɪt], frighten пугать, frightening, frightful
frog лягушка
■ frown
[fraʊn] хмуриться
fruit [fru:t] фрукты fruity, fruitful/ unfruitful, fruitless
fuck /… fucker
fuel ['fju:əl] топливо/ refuel, fuelling
function/ работать, обязанность, функция, malfunction, malfunction, functional, functionary
funeral ['fju:nərəl] похороны, funereal
fury ярость ['fjʊri] furious; infuriate, infuriation

gain получать, приобретать, нажива, прибыль/regain, gainer, gainful, ungainly, gainings
gamble ['gæmbəl] играть в азартные игры, риск gambler, gambling
gang бригада, банда gangster
gapщель, пролом, разрыв
■ garbage
[ˈgɑːbɪdʒ] мусор
gas газ gaseous ['gæsi:əs, 'gæshəs], gasoline
gate ворота, шлюз
■ gather
['gæðər] собирать(ся), заключать/forgather, gathering
general общий; генерал generally, generality, generalize, generalization, generalissimo
generous ['ʤenərəs] великодушный generously, generosity
genius ['ʤi:njəs] гений genial ['ʤi:njəl], geniality, genuine ['ʤenju:ɪn], genunely, genuneness; congenial congeniality, congenital, progeny progenitor; ingenious ingenuity, ingenuous/disingenuous, ingenousness / disingenuousness
gesture ['ʤesʧər] жест gesticulate [ʤe'stɪkjəˏleɪt], gesticulative, gesticulator, gesticulatory, gesticulation
glory ['glɔ:rə, 'gloʊri] слава, великолепие/vainglory, glorious ['glɔ:ri:əs, 'gloʊri:əs]/inglorious/ vainglorious, gloriously, gloriousness, glorify ['glɔ:rəˏfaɪ, 'gloʊr-], glorification, glorifier
glow [gloʊ] гореть, пылать, зарево/afterglow/ aglow, glowing

glue [glu:] клей, клеить
goal цель [goʊl] goalie
goat [goʊt] козел goatee
goose гусь/geese, gosling
grabхватать
■ grace/
грация, изящетво disgrace, gracious, graciously, graciousness, graceful/disgraceful, gracefully /disgracefully
grade ступень, степень/upgrade/degrade/downgrade/ centigrade, grader, gradual, gradually, gradation/degradation, gradient, graduate/postgraduate/ undergraduate, graduation, degrading
grape виноград
■ grateful
благодарный/ungrateful, gratefulness, gratefully; gratitude /ingratitude, gratify, gratification, gratis ['grætɪs, 'grɑ:tɪs, 'greɪɪs], gratuitous [grə'tu:ɪtəs, -'tju:-], gratuitously, gratuitousness, gratuity [grə'tu:ɪti, grə'tju:ɪti], ex gratia; [grate]
grave I могила {Old English græf}, grave II серьезный, важный {Latin gravis; heavy}, gravely; grave III гравировать, engrave, engraving {Old High German graban to dig}
greed жадный greedy, greediniess
grief [gri:f] горе grieve [gri:v]/aggrieve, griever, grievous, grievously, grievance, aggrieved
grin усмешка, усмехаться
■ grip
сжимать, хватка gripping
groan [ɡrəʊn] стонать, стон
growl [graʊl] рычать, рычание
guarantee [ˌɡærənˈtiː] гарантировать, гарантия guarantor
guard [ɡɑːd] охранять, часовой, караульный/ vanguard/
guide [gaɪd] вести, гид, экскурсовод guidance, misguided
guilt [gɪlt] вина, чувтсво вины guilty, guiltiness
gull I чайка/ seagull; {Middle English gulle possibly of Brythonic origin} gull II простофиля gullible ['gʌləbəl], gullibility {Old Norse gulr yellow}
gymnasium [ʤɪm'neɪzi:əm] спортзал/gym, gymnast, gymnastics

ha /hah [hɑ:] ха! ага!
hall [hɔ:l] пердняя
hammer ['hæmər] молоток, забивать
handsome [hand+some] красивый (о мужчине)
harbor ['hɑ:rbər] гавань, порт
harm вред, вредить unharmed, harmful, harmless
hawk ястреб hawker
heal [hi:l] лечить, заживать healing, healer, health [helθ] healthy/ unhealthy, healthful
heap [hi:p] куча, груда
heaven ['hevən] небо heavenly
heel пятка
helix ['hi:lɪks], helicopter ['helɪˏkɒptər] вертолет
hero ['hоroʊ] герой heroine, heroic [hɪ'roʊɪk], heroically, heroism
hesitate ['hezɪˏteɪt] колебаться hesitation, hesitant ['hezɪtənt], hesitantly, hesitance, hesitancy, unhesitating
heyэй
■ hint
намек, намекать hint
hip I бедро [Gothic hups hip, loin]; hip II шиповник {Old Saxon hiopo bramble} hip III знающий толк; стильный [Origin unknown] hip IV гип-гип (ура)
hire [haɪ(ə)r] нанимать, наем/rehire, hired
hiss шипение, шипеть
■ hm
хм, гм hmm
homicide [ˈhɒmɪˌsaɪd] убийство, homicidal [suicide]
hood [hʊd] капюшон
hop I прыгать hopper {Middle Low German hupfen} hop II хмель {Norwegian hupp tassel}
horizon [hə'raɪzən] горизонт horizontal [ˏhɔ:rɪ'zɒntl, ˏhɒrɪ'zɒntl]
horn рог horny, horned, hornless, cornucopia
hospital ['hɒspɪtl, -ˏpɪtl] больница, госпиталь inhospitality, hospitalize, hospitalization, hospitality, hospitable ['hɒspɪtəbəl, hɒ'spɪtəbəl]/ inhospitable
host [hoʊst] множество; хозяин hostess, hostage
howl [haʊl] выть, вой howling, howler
hug обнимать, объятие
huge hugely
huh [hʌ] а? что?
humiliate [hju:'mɪli:ˏeɪt] унижение humiliating, humiliation, humility
hunt охотиться, охота hunter, hunting

identify [aɪ'dentəˏfaɪ] опозновать, распознавать identification, identity [aɪ'dentɪti], identical
idiot ['ɪdi:ət] идиот, дурак idiotic [ˏɪdi:'ɒtɪk], idiocy ['ɪdi:əsi]
idle ['aɪdl] праздный, досужий idler, idleness, idly
■ ignore [ɪg'nɔ:r, ɪg'noʊr] игнорировать, ignorant ['ɪgnərənt], ignorance, ignoramus {Latin noscere to know}
■ improve улучшать, improvement, improvable {prove}
inch дюйм
incident ['ɪnsɪdənt] случай, проишествие incidental ['ɪnsɪ'dentl]/coincindental, incidentally, incidence/coincidence, coincide {Latin cadere to fall}
■ include [ɪn'klu:d] включать including, inclusive, inclusion {Latin claudere to close}
■ increase [ɪnˈkri:s] увеличивать , [ˈɪn kri:s] увеличениеincreasing, increasingly {Latin crēscere to grow}
■ indicate [ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt] указывать indication, indicative, indicator {Latin dicāre to proclaim}
■ influence влияние, оказывать влияниеinfluential {Latin fluere to flow} {flow}
■ injure [ˈɪndʒər] повреждать, ранить injured [ˈɪndʒəd]/uninjured, injurious, injury {Latin iūr law}
ink [ɪŋk] чернила
innтрактир, гостиница
innocent ['ɪnəsənt] невинный innocence {Latin nocēre to hurt, harm}
insect, insecticide насекомое {sect}
■ insist [ɪn'sɪst] настаивать, insistence, insistent {Latin sistere to stand}
■ inspect осматривать, проверять inspection, inspector {Latin spectāre, to look at; spectator, expect, respect, retrospect, suspect, prospect, aspect}
■ instant ['ɪnstənt] мгновение, момент instance, instantaneous [ɪnstənˈteɪnɪəs] {stance}
■ institute ['ɪnstɪˏtu:t, -ˏtju:t] институт, institution, institutional {Latin statuere to set up}
■ instruct [ɪn'strʌkt] обучать, инструктировать instruction, instructive, instructor / Latin struere to build}
■ instrument ['ɪnstrəmənt] инструмент, прибор, instrumental, instrumentality, instrumentalist {Latin struere to build}
■ insult [ ˈɪnˌsʌlt] оскорбление, [ ɪnˈsʌlt] оскорблять insulting {Latin salīre to leap}
■ intellect [ˈɪntɪˌlɛkt] интеллект intellectual, intellectuality; intelligent [ɪn'teləʤənt] /unintelligent, intelligence/counterintelligence, intelligible/unintelligible, intelligibility, intelligentsia {Latin legere to choose}
■ intend намереваться unintended, unintentional; superintend, superintendent, superintendence, intent, intention, intentional, intently [tend]
■ intense сильный intensely, intensness, intensive, intensity, intensify, intensity {Latin tendere to stretch}
■ introduce [ˏɪntrə'du:s, ˏɪntrə'dju:s] вводить, знакомить, introduction /intro, introductory {Latin ducere to lead}
■ invent [ɪn'vent] изобретать, invention, inventive, inventor, inventory {Latin venīre to come}
■ investigate [ɪn'vestɪˏgeɪt] расследовать, investigation, investigator {Latin vestīre to clothe} {vestige}
■ involve [ɪn'vɒlv] вовлекать involved, involvement {Latin volvere to roll, turn}
irony ['aɪrəni, 'aɪərni] ironic(al) [aɪ'rɒnɪk], ironically ирония
■ irritate ['ɪrɪˏteɪt] раздражать, irritating, irritation, irritable, irritably, irritability, irritant
issue [ˈɪʃuː, ˈɪsjuː]/ reissue выпусать, выпуск

jam загораживать, давка jamming
jar I банка {Arabic jarrah large earthen vessel}; jar II дребезжать, jarring {Perhaps of imitative origin}
jaw [ʤɔ:] челюсть
jealous ['ʤeləs] ревнивый, завистливый, jealousy ['ʤeləsi]
jerk [ʤɜ:rk] дергать, рывок, jerky, jerkily
jet I; струя, поток {Latin iacere to throw}; jet II гагат {Old French jaiet stone of Gagai, a town in Lycia, Asia Minor}
jewel ['ʤu:əl] драгоценный камень, jeweler, jewellery/ jewelry
journal ['ʤɜ:rnəl] журнал, journalism, journalist, journalese
journey ['ʤɜ:rni] путешествие
judge [ʤʌʤ] судить, судья /misjudge, judgment/misjudgment, judicial [ʤu:'dɪʃəl], judiciary, judicious [ʤu:'dɪʃəs]/injudicious, judiciously, judiciousness/injudiciousness; adjudge adjudgment, adjudicate, adjudicator; prejudice ['preʤədɪs] prejudgment, prejudge, prejudiced/ unprejudiced, prejudicial ['preʤə'dɪʃəl]
juice [ʤu:s] сок juicy, juicer, juiciness
jungle ['ʤʌŋgəl] джунгли
junior [dʒuːnjə] младший
■ junk хлам junketing, junkie
jury [ˈdʒʊərɪ] присяжные заседатели, жюриjuror, jurist ['ʤʊrɪst], juror, jurisdiction, jurisprudence; perjure [ˈpɜːdʒə] perjury

kerchief/ [ˈkɜːtʃɪf] платок, косынка handkerchief [ˈhæŋkətʃɪf, ˈhæŋkətʃiːf]
kettle ['ketl] чайник
knit [nɪt] вязать knitted, knitting; knot knotted, knotty
knob кнопка

■ labor ['leɪbər] труд, работа, labored, laborious [lə'bɔ:ri:əs, -'boʊr-], laboratory ['læbrət'ɔ:ri, -'toʊri] /lab, laboriousness, laborer; elaborate/collaborate, elaborately, elaboration / collaboration; belabor
lack нехватка, недостаток, не хватать
lawn [lɔ:n] газон
lax неряшливый, халатный, laxity, laxative, relax relaxation, relaxed
leak течь, протекать, leaker, leaky, leakage
lean I [li:n] наклонять(ся), leaning {Latin clīnāre to incline}; lean II тощий leanness {Old English hlǣne}
leap [li:p] прыгать, прыжок ˌdaɪl)
leather ['leðər] кожа (обработанная), leathery, leatherette
lecture ['lekʧər] лекция, lecturer, lectureship, lector
legal ['li:gəl] законный, юридический/illegal, legally/illegally, legality [li:'gælɪti:] /illegality, legalize ['li:gəˌlaɪz], legalization, legalist, legalistic, legalism, legacy ['legəsi:], legislate ['leʤɪ,sleɪt], legislation, legislator ['leʤɪ,sleɪʧər], legislature, legitimate [lə'ʤɪtəmɪt] /illegitimate, legitimacy/ illegitimacy [lə'ʤɪtɪəməsi], legitimize, legitimization, legate, legation [lɪ'geɪʃən]; delegate delegation; relegate
legend ['leʤənd] легенда, legendary ['leʤən,deri:]
lemon [ˈlemən] лимон lemonade
lend (lent) ссужать, давать взаймы, lending, lender
liberal ['lɪbərəl, 'lɪbrəl] щедрый, либеральный liberalism, liberality [,lɪbə'rælɪti:], liberate, liberation, liberty ['lɪbərti], libertine, libertinism, ad lib, ad libitum
licence ['laɪsns] разрешение, право, лицензия, licensee
lick лизать, licking, lickerish
lid крышка
■ lieutenant
[lu:'tenənt, lef'tenənt] лейтенант
limit ['lɪmɪt] предел, граница, ограничивать/delimit, limitation, limited/unlimited, limitless
limousine [ˈlɪməˌziːn; ˌlɪməˈziːn]/ limo лимузин
link связь, звено, связывать, linkage
liquid ['lɪkwɪd] жидкость, liquidate, liquidation, liquidize, liquidizer, liquefy, liquefaction; liqueur [lɪ'kɜ:r, lɪ'kjʊr]
list I список/ enlist/re-enlist, enlistment {Italian lista list of names (earlier: border, strip, as of paper]} list II полоска, лента, кромка {Old English līste}; list III крениться, крен, наклон {orig. uncertain} list IV желать, хотеть, желание (устаревш.), listless, listlessness {Gothic lūston to desire}
literal ['lɪtərəl] буквальный, дословный, literacy, literate ['lɪtərɪt]/semiliterate/ illiterate, literalness, literally ['lɪtə,reri:], literary, literately, literateness, literature ['lɪtərəʧər] literacy/ illiteracy ['lɪtərəsi]
litre ['li:tər] литр/liter /milliliter
load [loʊd] груз, грузить/ overload/ unload/ reload, loaded, loader, loading; lade, laden
local ['loʊkəl] местный, locale, locality [loʊ'kælɪti], localize, localization, locate/allocate/dislocate/relocate, location/allocation / dislocation
logic ['lɒʤɪk] логика, logical/illogical, logically, logician, illogicality, neologism [ni:'ɒləʤ,ɪzəm]
loose [lu:s] ослабленный, свободный, loosen, loosenness
lord лорд, lordly
lug тащить, волочить, luggage
lung легкое, aqualung
luxury ['lʌgʒəri, 'lʌkʃəri] роскошь, luxuriant [lʌg'ʒʊri:ənt, lʌk'ʃʊr:ənt], luxuriantly, luxuriance, luxurious, luxuriously, luxuriousness, luxuriate

madam ['mædəm] мадам/ ma'am/ mademoiselle
magic ['mæʤɪk] магия, волшебство, magic(al), magician, Magi [mə'ʤɪʃən]
maid служанка, горничная, maiden, maidenly
maintain поддерживать, сохранять, maintenance
major ['meɪʤər] больший, главный, майор, major, majority, majorette
male мужчина
■ manner
['mænər] манера, mannerly/unmannerly, mannered, mannerism
marble ['mɑ:rbəl] мрамор, marbled
market ['mɑ:rkɪt] рынок/ supermarket, market, marketable
mask маска/unmask
mass I масса amass, massive, en mass {Greek maza barley cake} mass II месса {Old English mæsse, to send away; perhaps derived from the concluding dismissal in the Roman Mass}
mat I коврик [Latin matta mat of rushes], mat II матовая отделка, matted [mattus, stupefied, senseless]
mate товарищ /inmate, mat(e)y
measure ['meʒər] мера/ remeasure/countermeasure, measured, measurement, measuring, measurable / immeasurable, immeasurably
mechanic [mɪ'kænɪk] механик, mechanical, mechanically, mechanics, mechanize, mechanism, mechanization
medium (media [ˈmiːdɪə]) промежуточное звено, ступень, способ, средство mediate [v. ˈmi diˌeɪt; adj. -ɪt]/immediate /intermediate, mediator, immediately, intermediary, immediacy,
member член/non-member/ dismember, dismemberment, membership
menu ['menju:] меню
mercy ['mɜ:rsi:] милосердие, милость, merciful / unmerciful, merciless
mere простой, чистый, сущий, merely [mɪ(ə)r]
merge сливаться, объединяться, merge/ submerge, merger, emerge emergence, emergent, emergency
mess беспорядок, путать, mess, messy; mess, mess [Middle English mes, course of a meal, food, group of people eating together]
method ['meθəd] метод, methodical, methodist, methodology, methodological, methodologist
might I мощь, могущество, mighty/almighty, mightily, mightiness; might II [maɪt] [past tense of may]
military ['mɪlɪ,teri] военный/ paramilitary, militarily, militate, militant, militancy, militia [mə'lɪʃə]; demilitarize, demilitarization;
mine I рудник, шахта; мина, undermine, mining, miner {Medieval Latin mina mine, mineral} mine II {см. I}
■ mini мини, мини-юбка minor, minority, minus, miniature, minim, minimal, minimize, minimal, minuscule; diminish, diminution, diminutive
minister ['mɪnɪstər] министр, ministerial, ministry; administrate administrative, administrator, administration/ maladministration, administer ['mɪnɪ'stɪ(ə)ri:əl] ['mɪnɪstri]
miracle ['mɪrəkəl] чудо, miraculous [mɪ'rækyələs]
misery ['mɪzəri] несчастье, нищета, мучения, miserable ['mɪzərəbəl, 'mɪzrə-], miserably, miserly, miserliness, miser; commiserate, commiseration
mist туман/demist, misty, demister
mix/ смешивать, admix, mixture/ admixture, mixed, mixer
mmm/mm ммм
■ mobile
['moʊbəl, 'moʊˌbi:l, 'moʊˌbaɪl] подвижный/immobile, mobilize ['moʊbə,laɪz]/immobilize/ demobilize, mobility/immobility, mobilization/demobilization, automobile
mock насмехаться над, mocker, mockery, mocking
mode образ, мода, model/remodel, outmoded, modish, modelling; modal; commode/incommode/discommode, commodious/incommodious, commodity
modern ['modərn] современный/ultramodern, modernize, modernism, modernist, modernistic
mom мама
■ mood
[mu:d] Iнастроение, moody {Old English mōd, disposition} mood II [mu:d] наклонение (в грамматике) {Alteration of mode}
motor ['moʊtər] мотор, motorized, motorist, motion [ˈməʊʃən] движение/commotion motionless, motivate; emote emotion / emotional/ unemotional, emotionally
mount взбираться, mounted, dismount, insurmountable unmounted, paramount, tantamount amount/ paramount/ tantamount, mount [mōns, mont-, mountain]
■ moustache/ mustache [ˈmʌsˏtæʃ, məˈstæʃ] усы
mud грязь, muddy
murder ['mɜ:rdər] убивать, убийство, murderous, murderer
murmur [ˈmɜːmə] шептать, шепот
muscle ['mʌsəl] мускул, мышца, muscular ['mʌskjələr], musculature
mystery ['mɪstəri] тайна, mysterious, mystic(al), mysticism, mystify, mystique

naked [ˈneɪkɪd] голый, nakedness
narrow ['næroʊ] узкий, narrowly, narrowness, narrows
nasty ['næsti:] противный, гадкий, nastily
neat [ni:t] аккуратный, опрятный, neatness
needleиголка [need]
negate [nɪ'geɪt] отрицать, опровергать, negated, negative ['negətɪv] negation; abnegate, abnegation
neglect [nɪˈɡlɛkt] пренебрегать, пренебрежение, neglected, neglectful, negligent, negligence, negligible, negligee
nephew ['nefju:] племянник
nest гнездо, nestle, nestling
net I сеть, netting; [Gothic nati, net] net II чистый, нетто, чистый доход [Latin nitidus, clean, elegant]
nether, underneath, beneath [bɪ'ni:θ, bɪ'ni:ð]
niece [ni:s] племянница
novel ['nɒvəl] новый, оригинальный, роман, novelist, novelty, novelette, novice, nova; renovate/ innovate, renovation ['nɒvəlti]
nude [nu:d, nju:d] голый, обнаженный, nudity; denude, denuded, denudation
■ numeral числительный, numerical, numerous, numeration/enumeration, numerator, numerate/enumerate, numerable/ innumerable
nurse
[nɜ:rs] ухаживать, няня, nursing, nursery, nurs(e)ling, nurture
nut орех nutty, nutter, nuts

oak [oʊk] дуб
■ obey [oʊ'beɪ] слушаться, повиноваться / disobey, obedient [oʊ'bi:di:ənt]/ disobedient obedience/ disobedience, obeisance [oʊ'beɪsəns, oʊ'bi:səns] {audīre to hear}
■ object ['ɒbʤɪkt, -ˏʤekt] предмет, объект, цель; возражать, objection, objectionable, objective, objectivity {jacere throw}
■ observe [əb'zɜ:rv] наблюдать, observable, observance, observant/ unobservant, observation, observatory [əb'zɜ:rvə,tɔ:ri:, -,toʊri:], observer, unobserved {servāre to preserve; conserve, preserve, reserve}
obvious ['ɒbvi:əs] явный, очевидный, obviously, obviousness, obviate ['ɒbvi:,eɪt] {via}
■ occasion [ə'keɪʒən] случай, раз, occasional, occasionally {cadere to fall}
■ occupy/ ['ɒkjəˏpaɪ] занимать, оккупировать, preoccupy, occupation/ preoccupation, occupational, occupier, occupant ['ɒkjəpənt], occupied/ unoccupied {capere to take}
■ occur [ə'kɜ:r] случаться, происходить /reoccur, occurrence {curere to run}
odd нечетный; случайный, oddish, oddishness, oddly, odds, oddness, oddment, oddity
■ offend [ə'fend] обижать, offender, offensive/ counter-offensive/ inoffensive, offence, inoffensiveness {fendere strike}
■ offer ['ɔ:fər, 'ɒfər] предлагать, предложение / counteroffer, offering; proffer {fere bring}
oh [oʊ] ах / ohh/ ohhh/ ohhhh
onion ['ʌnjən] луковица, лук
opera ['ɒpərə, 'ɒprə] опера, operatic ['ɒpə'rætɪk], operetta, operate ['ɒpə-reɪt ]/ cooperate, operating, operation/cooperation, operator ['ɒpə'retə], operational, operative/cooperative/ inoperative, inoperativeness, inoperable, inoperability
■ opine, opinion [ə'pɪnjən] мнение, opinionated
■ opportune ['ɒpər'tu:n, -'tju:n] уместный, подходящий /inopportune, opportunity ['ɒpər'tu:nɪti:, -'tju:-], opportunism, opportunist, opportunistic, opponent [ə'poʊnənt] {portus harbor}
organ ['ɔ:rgən] орган, organic, organism/ microorganism, organist, organize/ reorganize/disorganaize, organized/ disorganized, organization/ reorganization/ disorganization, organizer ['ɔ:rgəˌnaɪz]
origin ['ɔ:rəʤɪn, 'ɒr-] происхождение, original, originally, originality, originate, origination, originative, originator; aborigine
pace шаг, шагать, apace
pad подушечка, набивка, padding/ paddy
pal приятель
■ palace
['pælɪs] дворец
palm I [pɑːm] ладонь, palmist {palma palm tree, palm of the hand} palm II пальма, palmy, palmary {palma palm of the hand, palm tree}
pan I кастрюля {West Germanic panna shallow pan, platter}; pan II делать панорамный снимок, pan/ panorama {Short for panorama or panoramic}
panic паника, panick, panicky
pants штаны /underpants, panties
pardon ['pɑ:rdn] прощать, прощение, pardonable/ unpardonable
parley ['pɑ:rli:] парламент, parlance ['pɑ:rləns], parliament ['pɑ:rləmənt] parliamentary, parlor, parole
parrot ['pærət] попугай
passion ['pæʃən] страсть /compassion, passionate ['pæʃənɪt]/ compassionate/ dispassionate, passionately/ compassionately/ dispassionately, impassioned, dispassionateness
pater, paternal, paternity, patricide, expatriate [ek'speɪtri:,eɪt], expatriation, patron ['peɪtrən], patronage, patronize, patronizing, patronymic, patriarch, patriarchal, patriarchy, patriarchate, patrician; patriot ['peɪtri:ət, -ˏɒt]/ compatriot, patriotic, patriotism
patient ['peɪʃənt] терпеливый, пациент, больной /in-patient/ outpatient/impatient, patiently/impatiently, patience/ impatience {pathetic}
paw [pɔ:] лапа
pepper ['pepər] перец / pep, peppery
per [pɜ:r] посредством, через
perform [pər'fɔ:rm] выполнять, исполнять, performing, performance, performer {form}
period ['pɪ(ə)ri:əd] период, срок, periodic, periodically, periodical
■ permanent ['pɜ:rmənənt] постоянный /impermanent, permanently, permanence/ impermanence/ perm {manēre to remain}
■ permit [pər'mɪt] разрешать, разрешение permissible/ impermissible, permissive, permission {mittere to let go}
physics ['fɪzɪks] физика/ biophysics, physical ['fɪzɪkəl], physically, physician, physicist, physique, physiology, physiological, physiologist
pigeon ['pɪʤən] голубь
pile I груда, куча, сваливать {Latin pīla pillar}; pile II кол, свая {Latin pīlum spear, pestle}; compile, compilation, compiler; pile III волоски, шерсть {Anglo-Norman peil, hair] piles IV геморрой {pilae balls}
pill пилюля,
■ pillow
['pɪloʊ] подушка
pilot [ˈpaɪlət] лоцман, пилот/ co-pilot, pilotless, pilotage
pin/ булавка, unpin
pink [pɪŋk] розовый, pinkie/ pinky
pipe труба, piper, piping
pirate ['paɪrɪt] пират, piratical [paɪ'rætɪkəl], piracy ['paɪrəsi:]
pity ['pɪti] жалость, сожаление, pitiful/pitiable, pitifully, pitiless, pitilessness, pittance, piteous ['pɪti:əs], piteously
plain ясный, понятный, простой, plainness
planet [ˈplænɪt] планета, planetarium, planetary
plus плюс, surplus, nonplus
poem ['poʊəm] стихотворение, поэма, poet ['poʊɪt]/ poetess, poetry ['poʊɪtri:], poetic(al) [poʊ'etɪk]
poison ['pɔɪzən] яд, отравлять, poisonous
pole I полюс {Greek polos axis, sky}, polar, polarize, polarization, polarity; pole II шест, столб {pālus stake}
poll [poʊl] голосование, polling
pool I [puːl] пруд [Dutch poell]; pool II общий фонд, объединение [French poule stakes, literally hen
popular ['popjələr] народный /unpopular, popularity [,popjə'lærɪti], popularly, populate/ depopulate/overpopulate, populated/ overpopulated/ depopulated/ underpopulated, population [,pɒpjə'leɪʃən]/ depopulation, populous, populace, popularize, popularization
porch крыльцо
■ portion
часть, порция, apportion, apportionment, proportion/ disproportion, proportional, proportionate/ disproportionate, disproportionately
portray [pɔ:r'treɪ, poʊr-] изображать, portrayal, portrait ['pɔ:rtrɪt, -,treɪt,,poʊr-]
(moved)
positive ['pɒzɪtɪv] положительный, positively, positron
pot котелок, горшок, potty, potted, potter, pottery, potable
pound I фунт, poundage {pondō (a pound) by weight} pound II бить, колотить, тяжелый удар {Dutch puin rubble}; pound III загон (для скота) {Old English pund enclosure (as in pundfall pen)}
pour [pɔ:r, poʊr] лить, наливать, поток/downpour, pouring/outpouring
powder ['paʊdər] порошок, powdered, powdery
pray молиться, prayer, prayerful
■ prepare [prɪ'peər] готовить, подготавливать, prepared/unprepared, preparedness, preparation [,prepə'reɪʃən]/prep, preparatory [prɪ'pærə,tɔ:ri:, -,toʊri:, -'peər-, 'prepərə-] {parāre to make ready}
■ pretend [prɪ'tend] притворяться, делать вид, pretence/pretense, pretension [prɪ'tenʃən], pretentious/ unpretentious, pretentiously/ unpretentiously, pretentiousness {tendere to extend}
■ prevent предотвращать, preven(ta)tive, preventable, prevention [prɪ'vent] {venīre to come}
■ previous предыдущий, previously {via, way}
priest [pri:st] священник
prime главный, основной, primary, primarily, primacy, primer, primal; primitive, primeval
prince/ принц, princess, princely, princedom; principal unprincipled, principally, principality, principle [prɪns]
■ process процесс, обрабатывать, processed, procession {cēdere to go}
■ program ['proʊˏgræm, -grəm] программа, программировать/programme {graphein to write}
■ progress ['prɒ'gres, -rəs, 'proʊˌgres]продвигаться, продвижение, progressive, progressively, progression [prə'gres] {gradī, to go}
■ project проект, projector, projectionist, projectile ['prɒˏʤekt, -ɪkt] {iacere to throw}
proper ['prɒpər] правильный, надлежащий/ improper, properly/improperly, propriety/impropriety; property ['prɒpərti] собственность, propertyless, proprietor, propertied, proprietary
■ propose предлагать proposal/counterpoposal, proposition, propositional, propositionally {poser, to put; pose, oppose, propose, suppose, expose, propose, purpose, compose, dispose}
■ protect [prə'tekt] защищать, protection [prə'tekʃən], protective, protectionism, protector {tegere to cover}
■ protest [prə'test, proʊ-, 'proʊˏtest] утверждать; протестовать, протест, protestant, protestation, protester {testārī totestify}
■ provide снабжать, обеспечивать provided/ unprovided, providence/improvidence, provident/ improvident, providential, provision provisional, provisionally; improvise improvisation, improviser {vidēre to see}
psych [saɪk], psyche ['saɪki] психика, psychiatric, psychiatrist, psychic(al), psychological, psychologist, psychology [saɪˈkɒlədʒɪ], psychopath, psychosomatic
punch I бить кулаком, удар кулаком {perhaps a variant of pounce}; punch II пробивать, пробойник {Old French poinçoner to emboss with a punch; see punch I}; III пунш {From Hindi pañcāmr̥t a mixture of milk, yogurt, ghee, sugar, and honey}
punish ['pʌnɪʃ] наказывать, unpunished, punishable, punishment, punitive
pupil I ['pju:pəl] ученик, воспитанник [pūpillus diminutive of pūpus boy.]; pupil II зрачок [pūpilla little doll, pupil of the eye (from the tiny image reflected in it); see pupil I]
pure [pjʊr] чистый/ impure, purity/impurity, purge, purgatory, purgative, purgation, purify, purification, purificatory, expurgate, expurgation, unexpurgated
purple ['pɜ:rpəl] фиолетовый
■ purpose [ˈpɜːpəs] цель/multipurpose, purposeful, purposeless, purposely
purseкошелек
■ puzzle
['pʌzəl] загадка, головоломка, puzzled, puzzlement, puzzler

quality качество, qualify/disqualify, qualification/disqualification, qualified/ unqualified, qualifying, qualification, qualitative [ˈkwɒlɪtɪ]
quantity [ˈkwɒntɪtɪ] количество, quantitative, quantum, quantify
quarrel [ˈkwɒrəl] ссора, ссориться, quarrelling, quarrelsome
quit [kwɪt] оставлять, покидать, quits; acquit acquittal, acquittance
quote [kwoʊt] цитировать/ misquote, quotation/ misquotation, quotable

racket I ['rækɪt] ракетка [Arabic rāḥat palm (of the hand)]; racket II шум, суматоха; вымогательство, рэкет [probably of imitative origin; compare rattle]
rage гнев, ярость, бушевать/outrage/ enrage, raging, outrageous
range/ ряд, arrange/ rearrange / prearrange /derange, ranger, rangy, arrangement, downrange, derangement
rank ряд, строй, ranking, ranker
rapid ['ræpɪd] быстрый, rapidity, rapidly
rate/ норма, расход underrate/ overrate/berate, rating, ration rational/ irrational, rationally/irrationally, rationality/ irrationality, rationing, ratio; rationale, rationalize, ratiocinate, ratiocination
ray луч
■ raze
разрушать, razor
rear I [rɪ(ə)r] задний, задняя часть, rearward, reaward(s), rear-most [Middle English rere, rear of an army, short for rerewarde rear guard]; rear II воспитывать, растить [Middle English reren to raise]
■ recent ['ri:sənt] недавний, recently {kainos new}
■ recognize ['rekəgˏnaɪz] сознавать, узнавать, recognition [,rekəg'nɪʃən]/ nonrecognition, recognizable/ unrecognizable, unrecognized {cognōscere to get to know}
■ recover выздоравливать; получать обратно, recoverable {capere to take}
■ reduce [rɪ'du:s, -'dju:s] понижать, уменьшать, reduction {dūcere to lead}
■ refer [rɪ'fɜ:r] отсылать, направлять; ссылаться, referral, reference, referee, referendum [,refə'rendəm] {ferre to carry}
■ reflect [rɪ'flekt] отражать, reflection, reflectional, reflective, reflectively, reflector {flectere to bend}
■ refuse [rɪ'fju:z] отказывать(ся) , refusal {fūtāre to beat}
■ regard/ смотреть на, касаться, отношение, disregard, regarding, regardless, regardless {guard}
regime [reɪ'ʒi:m, rɪ-] режим, regimen, regiment, regimentation, regimental, regimentals; region ['ri:ʤən], regional
■ register ['reʤɪstər] регистрировать, запись, registered, registration, registry, registrar {gerere to carry}
■ regret [rɪ'gret] сожалеть, сожаление, regretful, regretfully, regrettable {greter to weep}
regular ['regjələr] правильный, постоянный/ irregular, regularly/ irregularly, regularity/ irregularity, regulate ['regjə,leɪt], regulation
■ relate [rɪ'leɪt] рассказывать; соединять/ interrelate, related/ interrelated/ unrelated, relatedness, relation/ interrelation, relationship/ interrelationship, relative, relativity; correlate, correlative, correlation {lātus brought}
■ release [rɪ'li:s] освобождать, освобождение {laxāre to loosen}
■ rely [rɪ'laɪ] полагаться на, reliable/unreliable, reliably, reliability, reliant [rɪ'laɪənt]/self-reliant, reliantly, reliance/self-reliance; religion religious [rɪ'lɪʤəs]/ irreligious, religiously, religiosity {ligāre to bind}
■ remain [rɪ'meɪn] оставаться, remainder, remains, remnant {manēre to remain}
■ render ['rendər] отдавать, оказывать, rendering, rendition; surrender
rent арендовать, арендная плата, rental, renter
■ repair I [rɪ'peər] ремонтировать, ремонт/ disrepair, reparable, irreparable, reparation {reparāre: to prepare, put in order}; repaire II направляться, отправляться {repatriāre to return to one's country}
report сообщать, сообщение, отчет, reporter [French porter, to carry]
■ require [rɪ'kwaɪr] требоваться, required, requirement {quaerere to seek}
■ rescue ['reskju:] спасать, спасение, rescuer {escourre to shake}
■ resist сопротивляться, resistance, resistant, resister, irresistible, unresisting {sistere to place}
■ respect уважать, уважение, respectable, respected, respecter {specere to look at; spectator, expect, inspect, retrospect, suspect, prospect, aspect}
■ respond/ [rɪ'spɒnd] отзываться, реагировать, correspond, response responsibility/ irresposiblity, responsible/ irresponsible, responsibly, responsive, respondent, respondent {spondēre to promise}
■ restore восстанавливать, restoration {store}
■ reward вознаграждать, вознаграждение, rewarding, unrewarding {Latin warder to guard} {warder to guard}
rhythm [ˈrɪðəm] ритм, rhythmic(al) [ˈrɪðmɪk]
rib ребро ribbed
rid избавлять riddance
ridicule ['rɪdɪˏkju:l] высмеивать, насмешка, ridiculous [rɪˈdɪkjʊləs], ridicuousness, ridiculously; deride derision, derisive, derisory
rifle [ˈraɪfəl] винтовка
risk риск, опасность, рисковать, risky, risque
rob красть, грабить robber, robbery
romance [roʊ'mæns, 'roʊˏmæns] романтика, роман, romancer, romantic, romanticism, romanticist, romanticize
root [ru:t, rʊt] корень/ uproot, rooter, rootlet, rootless
rope веревка ropey
rough [rʌf] неровный, грубый, roughage, roughness, roughen, roughly
row I [roʊ] ряд, линия [Lithuanian raiwe strip]; row II [roʊ] грести, гребля, rower, rowing; [rēmus oar] row III [raʊ] ссора, шум, гам [origin unknown]
rub тереть rubber, rubberize, rubberized; rubbish rubbishy
rug ковер rugged
ruin ['ru:ɪn] разрушение, гибель, губить, разорять, ruin, ruinous [ˈruːɪnəs], ruination [,ru: ən'eɪʃən]
rumor ['ru:mər] слух
rush I торопить(ся), спешка [Anglo-Norman russher to drive back] ; rush IIкамыш [Norwegian rusk twig, rod]

sake польза, цель (в словосочетаниях), forsake
salad ['sæləd] салат/ coleslaw
salary ['sæləri, 'sælri] зарплата, salaried/ unsalaried
sandwich ['sændwɪʧ, 'sænwɪdʒ, ˈsænwɪdʒ, ˈsænwɪtʃ] бутерброд, сэндвич
satisfy ['sætɪsˏfaɪ] удовлетворять/ dissatisfy, satisfying/ unsatisfying, satisfaction [,sætɪs'fækʃən]/ dissatisfaction, satisfactory/ unsatisfactory, unsatisfied/ dissatisfied
sausage ['sɔ:sɪʤ] колбаса
saw I [sɔ:] пила [secāre to cut, secūris axe]; saw II пословица [Old English sagu speech]; saw III [Past tense of see]
scandal ['skændl] скандал, scandalize, scandalous ['skændləs]
scare [skeər], scary страх, паника
scene [si:n] сцена, scenery ['si:nəri:], scenic, scenically, scenario
schedule ['skeʤu:l, 'skeʤu:l, 'skeʤu:əl, 'skeʤəl] расписание, план, unscheduled
science ['saɪəns] наука, scientific [,saɪən'tɪfɪk], scientifically, scientist; conscience conscienceless, conscientiousness, conscious ['kоnʃəns]/semiconscious/subconscious/ unconscious, consciously/semiconsciously, consciousness, consciously, consciousness; omniscient [ɒm'nɪʃənt]
scissors ['sɪzərz] ножницы
score [skɔ:r, skoʊr] зарубка, царапать; счет, scoreless
scout [skaʊt] разведчик
scrape скрести, скоблить; скрип, scraper / skyscraper
scratch царапать(ся), царапина, scratchy
screen экран
■ screw/
винт, unscrew, screwy
scribe, ascribable, scribe/ inscribe /proscribe / prescribe /describe/ [dɪs'kraɪb] описывать ascribe/circumscribe, inscription/ ascription / prescription/description, transcribe; script/ текст, шрифт transcript/ postscript/ conscript/ nondescript, proscription; scripture, scriptural, unscripted, scribble; description, descriptive, indescribable
season ['si:zən] время года, сезон, seasoned / unseasoned, seasonable, seasonal, seasoning
sect секта, sectarion, sectarianism, section ['sekʃən] секция/ subsection, sectional, sector, bisect/ trisect; dissect, dissection
■ secure [sɪ'kjʊr] надежный, прочный, защищать/ insecure, security [sɪ'kjʊrɪti:] / insecurity
seek искать seeker, forsake
senior ['si:njər] старший; senile, senility, senescent, senescence
sentence ['sentəns] предложение; приговор, sententious, sententiousness
separate ['sepərɪt,'seprɪt] отдельный ['sepəˏreɪt] отделять, separable/ inseparable, inseparability, separation, separatist, separator
sergeant [ˈsɑːdʒənt] сержант
serial ['sɪ(ə)ri:əl] сирийный, series ['sɪ(ə)ri:z], seriatim, serialize
settle поселять, resettle, resettlement, unsettle, settlement, settler, unsettled, unsettling
sew [soʊ] шить, sewing
share часть, доля, делить
■ shark акула
■ sheep
овца, овцы sheepish
shell раковина, оболочка
sheriff [ˈʃerɪf] шериф
shit дерьмо
■ shore
[ʃɔ:r, ʃoʊr] берег, ashore/ inshore /off-shore
shower ['ʃaʊər] ливень; душ, showery
sigh [saɪ] вздыхать, вздох
silk шелк silky, silken
similar ['sɪmələr] схожий, подобный /dissimilar, similarity [,sɪmə'lærɪti:]/ dissimilarity, similarly, simile, similitude
sin грех, грешить sinful, sinfulness
sincere [sɪn'sɪər] искренний /insincere, sincerely, sincerity / insincerity
sink [sɪŋk] затоплять, тонуть; кухонная раковина, unsinkable, sinker
skate I конек skater, skating {Old French éschasse stilt}; skate II скат {Old Norse skati}; skate III (slang) кляча; ничтожный человек {from Scottish and northern English dialect skate, a derogatory term of uncertain origin}
ski [ski:] лыжа, skier, skiing
skill мастерство, skilled/unskilled, skilful/unskilful, skilfully
skip прыгать, прыжок, skipper
slam захлопывать(ся), slammer
slap шлепать, шлепок
slave раб, slavish, slavery, slaver; enslave, enslavement, enslaver
slide (slid) скользить, sliding
slight [slaɪt] небольшой; унижать, унижение, slighting; slight, slightly
slip скользить, slipper, slippery
smart толковый, умный; элегантный, smartness smarten
smash разбивать, smashing
smooth [smu:ð] гладкий, приглаживать, smoothly
snap щелчок, щелкать, ломать, snappy, snappish
sock I носок {Greek sukkhos shoe}; sock II бить, ударять, удар {Origin unknown}
sofa ['soʊfə] диван
solid ['solɪd] твердый, solidly, solidarity
solve [solv, sɔ:lv] разрешать /dissolve, solvable ['solvəbəl, 'sɔ:l-]/resolve, unsolved, insolvent, insolvency, solvent/dissolvent, solvency; solute/dissolute, solution/dissolution, insoluble, insolubility, dissoluteness, unresolved
source [sɔ:rs, soʊrs] источник /resource, resourceful, resourcefulness
spare жалеть, щадить; запасной, sparing/ unsparing
spark искра, spark, sparkle, sparkling, sparkler
spectacle [ˈspektəkəl] зрелище, spectacular, spectator, bespectacled, respect/disrespect; inspect/introspect, inspection, perspective [pər'spektɪv]/irrespective, introspectively, introspectiveness, introspection, introspective, irrespectiveness; retrospect, retrospective, retrospection
spider ['spaɪdər] паук, spidery
spin вращать, вращение, spinning, spinster, spindle
spirit ['spɪrɪt] душа / dispirit, spirited, dispirited, spiritual, spiritual, spiritualism, spiritualist
split раскалывать(ся), трещина splitting, splitter [splice]
spoil портить, баловать, spoilage spoiler spoliation despoil unspoiled
spread [spred] распространять(ся), распространение, outspread, spreading
spy [spaɪ] шпион, шпионить; заметить, подметить, spying; espy, espionage/ counterespionage
squeeze [skwi:z] сжимать, сжатие, squeezer
squirrel ['skwɜ:rəl, 'skwʌr-] белка
stable I устойчивый /unstable, stabilize ['steɪbə,laɪz], stabilizer, stabilization, stability, instability; establish [ɪ'stæblɪʃ]/ re-establish/ disestablish, established/old-established, establishment/re-establishment; constable, constabulary; stable II конюшня, stabling
staff персонал, штат, overstaff, understaffed
stake кол; ставка, делать ставку
stance [stæns] позиция, circumstance, circumstantial, circumstancial; substance, insubstantial, substantially, substantiate, substantive, unsubstantiated
startle ['stɑ:rtl] пугать, startling {start}
stiff жесткий, твердый, stiffen, stiffly, stiffness
sting жало, жалить, stinging, stingy, stingily, stingeness
stock запасать, запас: стандартный /overstock, stocking, stocky, stockiest, stockade
stomach ['stʌmək] желудок, живот
storm буря, шторм; штурмовать, stormy
strain натягивать, напрягать {Middle English streinen to bind tightly}, strained, strainer; strain II происхождение, порода, (наследственная) черта {Old English strēon something gained, progeny}
stretch тянуть(ся), натяжение, outstretched, stretchable, stretchability, stretcher
strict строгий, strictly, strictness, stricture; restrict, derestrict, derestriction
strip полоса; раздевать, outstrip
stroll [stroʊl] прогуливаться, прогулка
structure [ˈstrʌktʃə] строение, structural, construct [kən'strʌkt]/reconstruct, construction / misconstruction, construe/ misconstrue
struggle ['strʌgəl] бороться, борьба
stupid ['stu:pɪd, 'stju:-] глупый, stupidly, stupidness, stupidity [stu:'pɪdɪ-ti:, stju:-], stupefy, stupefied, stupefaction, stupendous, stupor
■ subject ['sʌbʤɪkt], тема, предмет, [səb'ʤekt] подчинять, покорять, subjective {iacere to throw}
■ succeed [sək'si:d] наследовать, преуспевать, удаваться, succeeding; success [sək'ses], successful, unsuccessful, succession, successional, successionally, successive, successor {cēdere to go}
suck сосать, sucker, suckle, suckling, suction
■ suffer ['sʌfər] испытвать, терпеть, sufferance, sufferer, suffering, insufferable, insufferableness {ferre to carry}
■ suffice [səˈfaɪs, səˈfaɪz] хватать, sufficient [səˈfɪʃənt]/ insufficient, sufficiency/ insufficiency {facere to make}
■ suicide [ˈsuːɪˌsaɪd; ˈsjuː-] самоубийство, suicidal [ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl; ˌsjuː-]{cīdium caedere to kill}
suit [su:t, sjuːt]] приспосабливать, подходить; костюм, suitable/unsuitable, suitably, suitability, suitor, unsuited
sum сумма, summarize, summary, summarily
super ['su:pər] супер, superiority, insuperable, insuperability, superb, superbly, superbness, supercilious, superciliously, superciliousness, superficial, superficially, superficiality, supreme, supremacy, superior [sʊ'pɪ(ə)ri:ər]
■ support поддерживать, опора, поддержка, supporter, supporting, supportive, unsupported {portāre to carry}
■ surrender сдаваться
■ surround окружать, surrounding, surroundings {Latin undāre, to rise in waves}
■ survive пережить, survival, survivor {vīvere to live} (vivid, revive}
■ suspect, ['sʌ,spekt, sə'spekt] подозрительный [sə'spekt], подозревать, suspicion [sə'spɪʃən], suspicious, suspiciously, suspiciousness, unsuspected, unsuspecting {specere to look at; spectāre to look at; (spectator, expect, inspect, respect, retrospect, prospect, aspect}
swallow I глотать, глоток {svalg gullet}; swallow II ласточка [ˈswɒləʊ] {Old Norse svala}
sweat пот, sweater, sweaty
■ sweep
мести, смахивать, взмах, sweeper, sweeping
swine мерзавец, свинья, swinish
swing качать(ся), качание, колебание, swinging

tale рассказ {talk}
talent ['tælənt] талант, talented / untalented
tap I постукивать, легкий стук, untapped [Old French taper, of imitative origin] tap II затычка, пробка, вставлять кран [Old English tæppa tapered peg used as a stopper]
tape тесьма, лента
target ['tɑ:rgɪt] цель
tease [ti:z] дразнить, teasing, teaser
temper ['tempər] нрав, характер / distemper, temperate ['tempərɪt, 'temprɪt]/intemperate, temperately, temperament, temperamental, temperature ['tempərəˌʧʊr, tempərəʧər, 'temprəʧər]
temperance/intemperance
tend I/ иметь тенденцию, intend/superintend, tendentious, tendentiousness, tendency; [tendere to stretch] tend II заботиться, обслуживать/attend, unintended, unintentional; [variant of attend] tender I, tender II
term срок; термин, terminable, terminal, terminate, termination, terminology, terminus; determine determinate/indeterminate, determined, determinant, determination;, determinacy/indeterminacy; predetermine, predetermination; exterminate extermination
terrain терраса, terrene, subterranean, territory ['terɪˏtɔ:ri:, terɪˏtoʊri:], territorial, terrestrial, terrier ['teri:ər], terrace ['terɪs]
test испытвать, испытание, detest
text/ текст, pretext/ subtext, textual, textile, texture
thief вор, thieve, thieving, thievery, thievish, theft
thirst жажда, thirsty
thorough ['θɜ:roʊ, 'θʌroʊ] тщательный, thoroughly, thoroughness
thread [θred] нитка, нить
threat [θret] угроза, threaten, threatening
thumb [θʌm] большой палец
thunder ['θʌndər] гром, греметь, thundering, thunderous, thundery
thus так, таким образом
■ tide прилив /betide, tidal, tidings; tidy/ untidy, tidily, tidiness
tight [taɪt] тугой, туго / uptight, tights, tightly, tighten/ retighten
tip I кончик [Middle High German zipf tip]; tip II переворачивать, опрокидывать [Middle English typen to upset, overturn]; tip III давать на чай, опрокидывать [Origin unknown.] tip IV слегка ударять, касаться, легкий удар, прикосновение [From Middle English tippe a tap, perhaps of Low German origin.]
title [ˈtaɪtəl] заглавие, титул /subtitle, titled, entitle, entitlement
toast [toʊst] гренок, toaster
toilet ['tɔɪlɪt] одевание, туалет, уборная, toiletries
tomato помидор
■ tomb [tu:m] могила / entomb
ton [tʌn] тонна /megaton, tonnage
tone/ тон, overtone/ undertone/intone, tonal/atonal; intonation; monotone, monotonous [mə'nɒtnəs], monotony
topic ['tɒpɪk] тема, topical
torture ['tɔ:rʧər] пытать, пытка, tortuous
toss [tɔ:s, tɒs] бросать
tour [tʊr] поездка, турне, пуешестовать, tourism, tourist; entourage
trace след, выслеживать /retrace, tracer, tracing, tracery, traceable/untraceable
track след, тропинка, следить за
■ trade торговля, обмениваться, trading, trader
■ tradition [trə'dɪʃən] традиция, traditional
traffic ['træfɪk] движение, транспорт
tragedy ['træʤɪdi] трагедия, tragedian, tragic, tragedienne
trail след, тропа, идти по следу; тащить, волочить trailer
■ translate ['trænsˏleɪt, 'trænzleɪt, træns'leɪt, trænzleɪt] переводить /mistranslate, translation/mistranslation, translator {lātus brought}
trap/ ловушка, капкан, entrap, trappings
trash мусор, дрянь, чушь, trashy
tray поднос, entray
treasure ['treʒər] сокровище, дорожить, treasurer, treasury ['treʒəri]
tremble ['trembəl] дрожать, trembling
triumph ['traɪəmf] торжество, триумф, triumphant
troop [tru:p] группа / paratroops, trooper
tube трубка, тюбик, tubeless, tuber, tubular, tuba
twist поворачивать, крутить(ся), изгиб, twister
■ tyre /tire [taɪr] шина

ugly ['ʌgli] некрасивый, уродливый, мерзкий, ugliness
upset опрокидывать, расстройство, upsetting
urge [ɜ:rʤ] подгонять, подбадривать; побуждение, urgent, urgently, urgency .

vacant ['veɪkənt] пустой, вакантный, свободный, vacancy, vacate, vacation, vacuous ['vækju:əs], vacuously, vacuousness, vacuity, vacuum ['vækju:əm, vækju:m, -jəm]; evacuate [ɪ'vækju:-,eɪt], evacuator, evacuation, evacuee
vague [veɪg] неясный, неопределенный, vaguely, vagueness
valley ['væli] долина
value ['vælju:] ценность, оценивать, ценить / revalue/ devalue/ undervalue, valued, valuable ['vælju:əbəl, 'væljə-]/ invaluable, valuables, valuation [,vælju:'eɪʃən]/revaluation / devaluation / undervaluation, valueless, valuer; evaluate [ɪ'veɪlju:ˏeɪt], evaluation
vanish ['vænɪʃ] исчезать, vanity
vary ['veəri, 'væri] изменять, меняться, varying, varyingly, varied/ unvaried, variable/ invariable, variably/ invariably, variability, variance, variety [və'raɪɪti:], various variously, variation, variant, variegate, variegated
vase [veɪs, veɪz, vɑ:z] ваза
vegetable ['veʤtəbəl, 'veʤɪtə-] овощ, vegetate, vegetation, vegetarian [ˏveʤɪ'tɛərɪən]
vehicle [ˈviːɪkəl] транспортное средство, vehicular
verge [vɜ:rʤ] край
vice I зло, порок, vicious, viciousness, vicissitudes [vitium a defect] vice II = vise тиски; vice III взамен, вместо {vicis interchange, alternation}
victim ['vɪktɪm] жертва, victimize, victimization
victor, victory ['vɪktəri] победа, victorious [vɪk'tɔ:ri:əs, vɪk'toʊri:əs]
virgin ['vɜ:rʤɪn] девственница, virginity [vər'ʤɪnɪti]
vivid ['vɪvɪd] яркий, vividly, vividness, vivacious, vivacity, viviparous, revive, revival
vocal ['voʊkəl] вокальный, голосовой, vocabulary [voʊ'kæbjə.leri:], vocalist, vocally, vocation, vocational, vocative, vocabulary; equivocal [ɪ'kwɪvəkəl]/unequivocal, equivocate, equivocation; avocation, irrevocable, irrevocability; evoke, invoke invocation; convoke convocation; provoke provocation, unprovoked, provoking, provocation, provocative
void пустота, devoid
volume ['vɒlju:m, -jəm] емкость, объем; том, voluminous [və'lu:mənəs], volumetric
vulgar ['vʌlgər] вульгарный, vulgarness, vulgarism, vulgarity, vulgarize

wagon ['wægən] повозка, фургон
waist талия
■ wallet
['wɒlɪt] бумажник
wander ['wɒndər] бродить, брести, wandering(s), wanderer
ware I товары (например, посуда и т.п.) [waru goods]; ware II знающий, бдительный/beware, wariness, aware / unaware, awareness {Old English warian; see wary}
weal [wiːl] благо, благополучие, wealth [welθ], wealthy
weapon ['wepən] оружие, weaponry
web/ паутина, webbed, webbing
weep плакать, weeping, weepy, weepie
weird [wɪ(ə)rd] жуткий, странный, weirdness
whale [weɪl] кит, whaler
wheat [hwi:t, wi:t] пшеница
whip [wɪp] плеть, хлестать, whipping, whippet
whiskey ['wɪski:] виски {whisk}
whoa [woʊ] тпру
widow ['wɪdoʊ] вдова, widower
wink мигать, подмигивание
wipe вытирать, wipe, wiper
wire [waɪr] проволока, wire, wiring, wiry, wireless
wise I/ мудрый, unwise, wisely, wiseness, wisdom, wizard, wizardy {Gothic weis akin to wit} wise II метод, способ {Greek eîdos form, shape}
wit I/ ум, разум; остроумие, outwit, witty, wittiness, witticism, wittingly/ unwittingly; witness [Old High German wizzi] wit II ведать, знать (устаревш.) {vidēre to see}
witch/ ведьма, bewitch, bewitching
wool [wʊl] шерсть, woolen, wooly
worth [wɜ:rθ] стоящий, worthy/unworthy, worthless
wound I [wu:nd] рана, wounded, wounding; wound II [waʊnd] {the past tense and past participle of wind}
wrap [ræp] завертывать, заворачивать / unwrap, wrapping, wrapper
wrist ['rɪst] запястье, wristlet

yacht [jɑ:t] яхта, yachting
yawn [jɔ:n] зевать, зевок, yawning
yell кричать, крик
yonder, beyond за, вдали, дальше